Urban areas as refuges for endemic fauna: description of the immature stages of Catasticta flisa duna (Eitschberger & T. Racheli, 1998) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its ecological interactions

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Map showing records of C. f. duna in Quito and surrounding areas, and the locality where immature stages were found (Parque la Carolina, green pin); (b) male dorsal view; (c) female dorsal view

Figure 2. Immature stages. (a) Cluster of eggs on a leaf; (b) Eggs, dorsal view; (c) Group of newly emerged larvae; (d) First instar dorsal and lateral view; (e) Second instar dorsal and lateral view; (f). Third instar dorsal and lateral view; (g). Fourth instar dorsal and lateral view; (h) Fifth instar dorsal and lateral view; (i). Pupa lateral view; (j) Pupa dorsal view

Figure 3. Catasticta flisa duna, immature stage morphology. (a) Head chaetotaxy of fifth instar, in anterior view; (b) Setal maps of fifth instar; (c) Pupa in lateral view

Figure 4. Host plant of Catasticta flisa duna, the mistletoe Phoradendron nervosum, parasitizing Prunus serotina in Quito, (a) Parque la Carolina; (b) Clumps of mistletoe on Avenida los Shyris; (c) Pupa on the bark of the host tree in the median area of the busy Avenida de los Shyris

Figure 5. Catasticta flisa duna. (a) Male feeding on flowers of T. officinale (Asteraceae), a common flower in Parque la Carolina, Quito; (b) A mating pair

Figure 6. Natural enemies and parasites of Catasticta flisa duna. (a) Immature of Podisus sp. (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) preying on a pupa; (b) Tachinidae fly pupa that was obtained from the last instar larva