Diversity of the Ganoderma species in Uruguay

Figures & data

Table 1. Ganoderma species recorded in Uruguay

Taxon	Author
G. australe (Fr.) Pat.	Felippone [6667]
G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (= G. lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk.)	Felippone [66], Herter [31], Gazzano [28,29,32] Martínez [30]
G. fornicatum (Fr.) Pat.	Felippone [66]
G. lorenzianum (Kalchbr.) Pat.	Patouillard [65], Felippone [66]
G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.	Spegazzini [33], Felippone [66], Wright & Blumenfeld [34], Gazzano [28,29,32], Martínez [30]
G. nitens (Fr.) Pat.	Patouillard [65], Felippone [66]
G. resinaceum Boud.	Felippone [66], Gazzano [32], Martínez [30]
G. sessile Murrill	Gazzano [29]

Table 2. Ganoderma species, specimens, location, Gen Bank accession numbers for ITS sequences and reference source

Species/Voucher/Culture reference	Locality	ITS GenBank accession number	References
Ganoderma adspersum
CBS351.74	Belgium	X78742/X78763	Moncalvo et al. [13]
GaTO00	Italy	AM906057	Guglielmo et al. [44]
Ganoderma annulare
KCTC 16803	Brazil	JQ520160	GenBank
Ganoderma applanatum
ATCC44053	Japan	JQ520161	GenBank
Ganoderma australe s.l.
MVHC 5620	Uruguay	MN191569	This work
MVHC 5564	Uruguay	MN191568	This work
MVHC 5582	Uruguay	MN191570	This work
MVHC 5659	Uruguay	MN191554	This work
MVHC 5660	Uruguay	MN191553	This work
MVHC 5668	Uruguay	MN191555	This work
MVHC 5601	Uruguay	MN191556	This work
MVHC 5605	Uruguay	MN191557	This work
MVHC 5661	Uruguay	MN191558	This work
MVHC 5646	Uruguay	MN191552	This work
MVHC 5640	Uruguay	MN191551	This work
MVHC 5641	Uruguay	MN191550	This work
MVHC 5680	Uruguay	MN191547	This work
MVHC 5647	Uruguay	MN191549	This work
MVHC 5587	Uruguay	MN191548	This work
MVHC 5568	Uruguay	MN191559	This work
MVHC 5645	Uruguay	MN191560	This work
MVHC 5697	Uruguay	MN191561	This work
MVHC 5717	Uruguay	MN191572	This work
MVHC 5711	Uruguay	MN191562	This work
MVHC 5722.2	Uruguay	MN191563	This work
MVHC 5724	Uruguay	MN191565	This work
MVHC 5725	Uruguay	MN191564	This work
MVHC 5746	Uruguay	MN191573	This work
MVHC 5688	Uruguay	MN191566	This work
MVHC 5708	Uruguay	MN191567	This work
MVHC 5579	Uruguay	MN191546	This work
MVHC 5732	Uruguay	MN191545	This work
NC 7177	Uruguay	MN191571	This work
0705	Taiwan	X78750.1	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
Ganoderma concinnum
Robledo 3192 (FCOS)	Bolivia	MN077522	Costa-Rezende et al. [53]
Robledo 3235 (FCOS)	Bolivia	MN077523	Costa-Rezende et al. [53]
Ganoderma dorsale
MVHC 5588	Uruguay	MN191582	This work
MVHC 5701	Uruguay	MN191581	This work
MVHC 5653	Uruguay	MN191578	This work
MVHC 5648	Uruguay	MN191579	This work
MVHC 5654	Uruguay	MN191580	This work
Ganoderma ecuadoriense
ASL799	Ecuador	KU128524	Crous et al. [45]
PMC126	Ecuador	KU128525	Crous et al. [45]
Poly-2-4	Ecuador	KU128526	Crous et al. [45]
Ganoderma gibbosum
XSD34	China	EU273513		GenBank
Ganoderma lipsiense
BAFC2424	Argentina	AF169977/8	Gottlieb et al. [7]
Ganoderma lobatum
BAFC2411	Argentina	AF169989/90	Gottlieb et al. [7]
CBS222.48	USA	X78740/X78761	Moncalvo et al. [13]
Ganoderma lucidum
BAFC2419	Argentina	AF170007/AF170008	Gottlieb et al. [7]
BAFC2493	Argentina	AF170009/A1470010	Gottlieb et al. [7]
UMNUT1	USA	MG654070	Loyd et al. [11]
K 175217	England	KJ143911	Zhou et al. [46]
RYV 33217 T	Norway	Z37096/ Z37073	Moncalvo et al. [13]
CBS 270.81	France	Z37049/Z37099	Moncalvo et al. [13]
Dai 2272	Sweden	JQ781851	Cao et al. [14]
Dai11593	Finland	JQ781852	Cao et al. [14]
BCRC 37043	China	EU021460	Wang et al. [9]
Ganoderma martinicense
MVHC 5635	Uruguay	MN191574	This work
MVHC 5583	Uruguay	MN191575	This work
MVHC 5637	Uruguay	MN191577	This work
MVHC 5684	Uruguay	MN191576	This work
246TX	USA	MG654185	Loyd et al. [11]
Mart08_55 T	Martinique	KF963256	GenBank
Ganoderma mexicanum
MVHC 5652	Uruguay	MN191583	This work
XAL D.Jarvio 143	Mexico	MK531823	Cabarroi-Hernández et al. [6]
BAFC2580	Brazil	AH008108	Gottlieb et al. [7]
Ganoderma multipileum
DAI 9447	China	KJ143914	Zhou et al. [46]
Ganoderma multiplicatum
SPC9	Brazil	KU569553	Bolaños et al. [60]
CC8	Brazil	KU569515	Bolaños et al. [60]
URM 83346	Brazil	JX310823	Bolaños et al. [60]
Ganoderma oerstedii
ATCC 52409	Argentina	Z37058/Z37083	Moncalvo et al. [13]
ATCC 52410	Argentina	X78739/X78760	Moncalvo et al. [13]
ATCC 52411	Argentina	Z37059/Z37084	Moncalvo et al. [13]
Ganoderma parvulum
URM 83344	Brazil	JX310819	Correia de Lima Júnior et al. [57]
URM 2948	Brazil	JX310821	Correia de Lima Júnior et al. [57]
Ganoderma platense
MVHC 5586	Uruguay	MN191585	This work
MVHC 5565	Uruguay	MN191584	This work
MVHC 5721	Uruguay	MN191591	This work
MVHC 5732.2	Uruguay	MN191592	This work
MVHC 5686	Uruguay	MN191593	This work
MVHC 5692	Uruguay	MN191596	This work
MVHC 5687.2	Uruguay	MN191597	This work
MVHC 5687	Uruguay	MN191594	This work
MVHC 5690	Uruguay	MN191595	This work
NC 5332	Uruguay	MN191587	This work
NC 7187	Uruguay	MN191588	This work
NC 5104	Uruguay	MN191589	This work
MVHC 5694	Uruguay	MN191590	This work
MVHC 5691	Uruguay	MN191586	This work
BAFC384	Argentina	AH008109	Gottlieb et al. [7]
Ganoderma polychromum
330OR	USA	MG654196	Loyd et al. [11]
BJ280CA	USA	MG910492	Loyd et al. [11]
Ganoderma resinaceum
DP2	Italy	AM906060	Guglielmo et al. [44]
CIRM BRFM 753	France	FJ805250	GenBank
HMAS86599	England	AY884177	Wang et al. [9]
BR 4150	France	KJ143915	Zhou et al. [46]
GR-101	India	GU451246	Mohanty et al. [63]
CBS 22036	The Netherlands	JQ520201	Park et al. [60]
BCRC 36147	The Netherlands	KJ143916	Zhou et al. [46]
Ganoderma sessile
111TX	USA	MG654306	Loyd et al. [11]
103SC	USA	MG654304	Loyd et al. [11]
113FL	USA	MG654307	Loyd et al. [11]
228DC	USA	MG654319	Loyd et al. [11]
117TX	USA	MG654309	Loyd et al. [11]
BAFC2373	Argentina	AH008111	Gottlieb et al. [7]
Ganoderma sp.
MUCL27886	India	AF255190	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
LXT.8	Vietnam	AF255188	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
PKB96/330	Japan	AF255105	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
TAI-05	Taiwan	AF255193/4	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
CP331	Papua New Guinea	AF255125	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
JM97/31	USA	AF255098	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
JM98/132	China	AF255115	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
JM98/2	South Africa	AF255149	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
ME-GAN-24	USA	AF255131/2	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
RV-PR10	Puerto Rico	AF255133	Moncalvo et al. [13]
JMCR.132	Costa Rica	AF255138	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
MUCL40406	Ecuador	AF255139	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
MUCL40324	French Guiana	AF255141	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
NIAST824	South Korea	AF255114	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
HMAS60686	China	AF255191/2	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
BAFC2531	Chile	AF255176	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
BAFC2449	Argentina	AF255187	Moncalvo and Buchanan [5]
Ganoderma subamboinense var. laevisporum
ATCC 52419	Argentina	X78736	Gottlieb et al. [7]
ATCC 52420	Argentina	JQ520205	Park et al. [60]
UMNFL 100	USA	MG654373	Loyd et al. [11]
Ganoderma tornatum
BAFC2764	Argentina	AF169993/4	Gottlieb et al. [7]
BAFC2582	Brazil	AF169985/6	Gottlieb et al. [7]
BAFC1139	Argentina	AF169979/80	Gottlieb et al. [7]
Ganoderma tuberculosum
BAFC2488	Argentina	AH008114	Gottlieb and Wright [22]
PLM684	USA	MG654369	Loyd et al. [11]
UMNFL160	USA	MG654364	Loyd et al. [11]
Ganoderma zonatum
FL-02	USA	KJ143921	Zhou et al. [46]
179NC	USA	MG654417	Loyd et al. [11]
UMNFL105	USA	MG654408	Loyd et al. [11]
UMNSC4	USA	MG654415	Loyd et al. [11]
123FL	USA	MG654416	Loyd et al. [11]
BAFC2374	Argentina	AH008110	Gottlieb and Wright [22]
Cristataspora coffeata
FLOR 50933	Brazil	KU315204	Costa-Rezende et al. [53]
Foraminispora rugosa
HUEFS_DHCR560	Brazil	MF409963	Costa-Rezende et al. [53]
FLOR 52191	Brazil	KU315200	Costa-Rezende et al. [4]

Table 3. Morphological assessment of Ganoderma species found in Uruguay

Taxon	Stipe	Surface	Margin	Context		Pores			Basidiospores		Chlamydospores			Cutis cells
				Color	Resinous/melanoid deposits	Color	Shape	Pores/mm	Size (μm)	Ornamentation	Description	Size (μm)		Shape	Melzer reaction		Size (μm)
G. australe M1	Rarely present, mostly sessile	Tubercular, rugose, concentric zonate, brownish to mate	Brownish, flat to slightly lobulated	Homogeneous, chocolate	Always present	Whitish to brownish	Circular to irregular	4–6	8.3–10.3 × 5–6.6	Thick, free to sub free pillars	In context, final or intercalary, globose to slightly ellipsoid, double-walled.		10–13 × 9–11	Branches of terminal skeletal hyphae embedded in melanoid substance		Null reaction		30– 70 × 3–5
G. australe M2	Rarely present, mostly sessile	Concentric zonate, brownish to greyish	Brownish, flat to slightly lobulated	Homogeneous, chocolate	Always present	Whitish to brownish	Circular to irregular	4–6	6.5–10.1 × 4.2–6.1	Thick, free to sub free pillars	In context, very rare, slightly ellipsoid, double-walled.		11 × 9	Branches of terminal skeletal hyphae embedded in melanoid substance		Null reaction		50–70 × 4–5
G. dorsale	Always present, lateral, vertical	Rough, semi-concentric zonation, wine purplish to reddish	Reddish, flat to acute	Not fully homogeneous, first light brown becoming dark brown near the tubes	Always present	Whitish to brownish	Circular to irregular	3–5	8–8.9 × 5.8–6.1	Distinct, thick pillars, sometimes with anastomosed appearance	In context, rare, late or intercalary, double-walled.		5–13 × 4– 7.5	Cylindrical to clavate, usually with apical protuberances (up to 2)		Strongly amyloid		20–39 × 3– 7.5
G. martinicense	Substipitate to sessile	Tuberculous, rugose, concentric colored, first purplish, then reddish and yellowish toward the margin	Whitish, lobulated	Not fully homogeneous, alternate dark and light brown	Always present	Whitish to yellowish	Circular to irregular	4–6	10–12.9 × 5.7–7.7	Distinct, free pillars	In culture, terminal or intercalary, double walled, variably smooth, sometimes with appendages, yellowish.		8– 12.5 × 8–11	Spheroid pedunculated to clavate, occasionally with apical or basal branches		Weakly amyloid		30–60 × 5–15
											In context, terminal or intercalary.		9–12 × 5–8
G. mexicanum	Present, lateral, horizontal	Rough, slightly semi-concentric zonation, shiny, bordered to reddish	Whitish, acute	Mostly light colored. Slightly heterogeneous, being darker near the tubes	Present, inconspicuous	Whitish to brownish	Circular to irregular	4–6	7–9 × 5–6	Inconspicuous, mostly free pillars	In context, frequent, final or intercalary, globose to slightly ellipsoid, double-walled. Dextrinoid.		9–15.5 × 7–11	Cylindrical to slightly clavate, generally without protuberances		Strongly amyloid		30 × 4–6
G. platense	Always sessile	Rough to variably striated, semi-orbicular zonation, shiny, wine purplish on board	Whitish, lobulated to acute	Not fully homogeneous, first light brown becoming dark brown near the tubes	Present, inconspicuous	Whitish to brownish	Angular	3–4	7.5–9 × 4–6.2	Inconspicuous, free pillars	In context, infrequent, terminal or intercalary, brownish.		8.3–14.3 × 5.2–6.5	Cylindrical to slightly clavate, sometimes with knots or apical constrictions		Strongly amyloid		30–50 × 4–9

Table 4. Number of specimens, distribution and host characterization (species, native/exotic status and substrate preferences) of Ganoderma species collected and studied in this work

Taxon	Total specimens	Distribution (Departments)	Host characterization
			Native	Exotic	Substrate preferences
G. australe M1	13	Lavalleja, Montevideo, Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera, Rocha, Florida, Colonia, Flores	Scutia buxifolia, Myrsine laetevirens, Alophyllus edullis, Lithraea sp.	Acacia melanoxylon, Gleditsia triachanthos, Tilia sp., Eucalyptus sp., Quercus sp., Salix sp., Grevillea sp.	LT (45%), DT (33%) and S (22%)
G. australe M2	88	Canelones, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, Tacuarembó, Treinta y Tres, Florida, Cerro Largo, Río Negro, Artigas, Colonia, San José	Alophillus edulis, Lithraea sp., Myrcianthes sp., Scutia buxifolia, Myrsine laetevirens	Acacia longifolia, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia sp., Eucalyptus globulus, Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus persica, Pinus pseudostrobus, Quercus suber, Salix sp.	DT (46%), LT (39%), S (14%) and R (1%)
G. dorsale	27	Montevideo, Rocha, Treinta y Tres, Canelones, Rivera	Alophyllus edulis, Lithraea sp., Ruprechtia salicifolia, Scutia buxifolia, Celtis sp., Sebastiana sp.	Quercus suber	R (58%), LT (37%) and S (5%)
G. martinicense	10	Canelones, Montevideo, Paysandú, Rocha, Artigas	Tipuana tipu	Acacia sp.	R (87%) and S (13%)
G. mexicanum	3	Rocha, Paysandú	Unidentified wood	-	DT (100%)
G. platense	22	Canelones, Montevideo, Maldonado	-	Acacia dealbata, Fraxinus sp., Platanus acerifolia, Salix sp., Quercus sp., Araucaria sp.	LT (85%), DT (8%) S (7%)

LT = stem of living tree, DT = dead trunks, S = stumps, R = soil arising from roots of living or dead trees.

Figure 1. Basidiomata of Ganoderma species from Uruguay. G. martinicense: (a) (MVHC 5583) and (b) (MVHC 5635), G. platense: (c) (MVHC 5586) and (d) (MVHC 5687), G. mexicanum (MVHC 5652): (e) and (f), G. dorsale: (g) (MVHC 5648) and (h) (MVHC 5655), G. australe M2 (MVHC 5587): (i) G. australe M1 (MVHC 5582): (j).

Figure 2. Microscopic features of laccate Ganoderma species from Uruguay. Pilear cells: G. martinicense (MVHC 5635): (a,b), G. platense (MVHC 5687): (d–f), G. mexicanum (MVHC 5652): (g–h), G. dorsale (MVHC 5655): (j–l). Chlamydospores from fresh G. martinicense (MVHC 5635) culture in MEA: (c) and dextrinoid characteristic chlamydospores from the context of G. mexicanum (MVHC 5652): (i). Basidiospores from G. martinicense (MVHC 5635): (m), G. platense (MVHC 5687): (n), G. mexicanum (MVHC 5652): (o) and G. dorsale (MVHC 5655): (p).

Figure 3. Consensus Bayesian Inference tree based on ITS sequence data used for positioning Ganoderma species found in Uruguay (highlighted in light blue). Values of Bayesian and Maximum likelihood are presented as PPB/BS. Cristataspora coffeata (FLOR 50933) and Foraminispora rugosa (FLOR 52191 and HUEFS DHCR560) were used as outgroup.

Figure 3. Continued.

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