Parasitoids of Dasiops (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) in sweet granadilla orchards in an Andean forest of Peru

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the study site (Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru) showing the three sweet granadilla orchards and details on geographical coordinates and elevation (source: QGIS).

Figure 2. Collection methods for obtaining larval parasitoids in flower buds (a) and fruits (b); and for obtaining pupal parasitoids through sentinel pupae (c-d), in sweet granadilla orchards.

Table 1. Parasitism rates of larval parasitoids recorded from Dasiops species collected in flower buds and fruits at three sweet granadilla orchards in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru

Location	Tissue infested	No. fruit/flower bud	Weight (kg)	No. Pupae	Adult emergence		% Parasitism	% of total parasitoids
					Dasiops	Parasitoids		Utetes anastrephae	Opius sp.	Aganaspis pelleranoi
Cantarizú	Flower bud	96	0.77	112	94	4	4.1	100	0	0
Grapanazú		96	0.81	149	113	10	8.1	50	50	0
San Marcos		96	0.79	178	139	15	9.7	86.7	13.3	0
Cantarizú	Fruit	48	3.6	55	31	0	0	0	0	0
Grapanazú		48	4.1	90	56	0	0	0	0	0
San Marcos		48	3.5	54	28	2	6.7	0	0	100
Total	Flower bud	288	2.37	439	346	29	7.3	78.9	21.1	0
	Fruit	144	11.2	199	115	2	2.2	0	0	33.3

Table 2. Parasitism rates of pupal parasitoids recorded on Dasiops species at three sweet granadilla orchards in Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru

Location	Pupae	No. pupae exposed	Adult emergence		% Parasitism	% of total parasitoids
			Dasiops	Parasitoids		Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae	Coptera sp.
Cantarizú	D. inedulis	120	45	0	0	0	0
Grapanazú		120	35	5	12.5	60	40
San Marcos		120	58	2	3.3	100	0
Cantarizú	D. frieseni	120	67	7	8.2	16.7	83.3
Grapanazú		120	61	2	3.2	0	100
San Marcos		120	39	0	0.0	0	0
Total	D. inedulis	360	138	7	5.3	71.4	28.6
	D. frieseni	360	167	8	3.8	12.5	87.5

Table 3. Larval and pupal parasitoids recorded in association with Dasiops species-host reports in passion flowers from South America

Parasitoids	State/Country	Host	Tissue affected	Passion flowers	References
Braconidae
Aspilota sp.	Huila/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[9]
Microcrasis sp.	Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. gracilis; D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. edulis; P. edulis f. fravicarpa	[10]
Utetes sp.	Valle del Cauca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[5]
	Pasco/Peru	D. sp.	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[12]
Utetes anastrephae*	Valle del Cauca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[11]
	Pasco/Peru	D. inedulis**	Flower bud	P. ligularis***
Opius sp.*	Espírito Santo/Brazil	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[13]
	Pasco/Peru	D. inedulis**	Flower bud	P. ligularis***
Figitidae
Aganaspis sp.	Valle del Cauca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[11]
Aganaspis pelleranoi	Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[10]
	Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[10]
	Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. yepezi	Fruit	P. ligularis	[10]
	Pasco/Peru	D. frieseni**	Fruit	P. ligularis***
Pteromalidae
Spalangia sp.	Valle del Cauca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[11]
Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae	Huila/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[5,9]
	Valle del Cauca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. flavicarpa	[11]
	Pasco/Peru	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis***
	Pasco/Peru	D. frieseni**	Fruit	P. ligularis***
Diapriidae
Pentrapia sp.	Huila, Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[9,10]
	Boyacá/Colombia	D. caustonae	Fruit	P. mollisima	[10]
	Boyacá, Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. gracilis	Fruit	P. edulis f. edulis; P. edulis f. fravicarpa	[10]
Basalys sp.	Huila/Colombia	D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. ligularis	[9]
Trichopria sp.	Cundinamarca/Colombia	D. gracilis	Fruit	P. edulis f. edulis; P. edulis f. fravicarpa	[10]
		D. inedulis	Flower bud	P. edulis f. edulis	[10]
Coptera sp. *	Pasco/Peru	D. inedulis**	Flower bud	P. ligularis***
	Pasco/Peru	D. frieseni**	Fruit	P. ligularis***

* First parasitoid reports; ** New Dasiops species-host reports ***New passion flower-host reports

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