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Research Article

What constitutes a community? A co-occurrence exploration of the Costa Rican avifauna

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 64-75 | Received 29 Oct 2021, Accepted 11 Mar 2023, Published online: 27 Apr 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Environmental variables used to create ecological niche models and their derived species distribution models.

Figure 1. Species richness (i.e. gross number of species predicted to occur) during June (left) and December (right) in Costa Rica. Legend displays values for no taxa, the summer maximum, and the winter maximum. Includes all taxa, including those removed from cluster analyses.

Figure 1. Species richness (i.e. gross number of species predicted to occur) during June (left) and December (right) in Costa Rica. Legend displays values for no taxa, the summer maximum, and the winter maximum. Includes all taxa, including those removed from cluster analyses.

Figure 2. Beta diversity (i.e. average range size per cell) for birds in Costa Rica in June (left) and December (right). Legend displays values for no taxa, the summer maximum, and the winter maximum. Includes all taxa, including those removed from cluster analyses.

Figure 2. Beta diversity (i.e. average range size per cell) for birds in Costa Rica in June (left) and December (right). Legend displays values for no taxa, the summer maximum, and the winter maximum. Includes all taxa, including those removed from cluster analyses.

Figure 3. Plots from ecostructure showing results for June (left) and December (right) with K values of 2 (top), 7 (middle), and 13 (bottom). Note that the plots become structured in a similar fashion and display patterns reminiscent of the richness and beta diversity plots, indicating common patterns of distribution structuring the geographic motifs.

Figure 3. Plots from ecostructure showing results for June (left) and December (right) with K values of 2 (top), 7 (middle), and 13 (bottom). Note that the plots become structured in a similar fashion and display patterns reminiscent of the richness and beta diversity plots, indicating common patterns of distribution structuring the geographic motifs.
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

Our code files have been uploaded to Github and are available at https://github.com/jacobccooper/costa_rica_community