Biosecurity infectious diseases of the returning Indonesian migrant workers

Figures & data

Figure 1. The distribution of Indonesia migrant workers original hometown 2023 based on Ministry of Social Affair Republic of Indonesia 2023.

Figure 2. The prevalence diseases in RTPC Tanjung Pinang 2019-august 2023 based on the data from the Ministry of Social Affair Republic of Indonesia.

Table 1. The cases of infectious diseases handled by Ministry of Marine and Fishery of Republic of Indonesia.

Year of Sickness	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Suspect TB	5	2	-	-	-
TB	8	-	-	1	4
HIV/AIDS	-	-	-	-	1
Leprosy	1	-	-	-	-

Source: KKP, 2019 – August 2023.

Figure 3. The IMWS return flowfull duty before the COVID-19 pandemic with the contract working time expired.

Figure 4. The process of repatriating retired IMW is based on head of BNP2 IMWs regulation No.Per.01/KA/Su/1/2008.

Table 2. The IMWs returning policy during pandemic of COVID-19.

		The substance of the government’s international travel policy during the COVID-19 pandemic
No.	Government Policy on International Travel During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Circular letter)	Development of COVID-19 Variants and the Situation in Indonesia	IMWs Repatriation Procedures in Receiving Countries	IMWs Arrival Procedures in Indonesia, KKP as Supervisor of International Travelers	The Role of Regency/City Governments in the Process of Returning IMWs to Their Areas of Origin
1.	No. 5/2020, set on 25 May 2020	Accelerating handling of COVID-19.	The PCR swab is carried out 7 x 24 hours or Rapid Test 3 x 24 hours before departure	-	-
2.	No. 7/2020, set on 6 June 2020	In adapting to new habits	The PCRs swab will be carried out before departure	Carry out a PCR swab entry test Temperature check	IMW is required to carry out quarantine provided by the district/city government
3.	No. 9/2020, set on 26 June 2020	Amended to No. 7/2020 in adapting to new habits	The PCR swab will be carried out before departure	Carry out a PCR swab entry test Temperature check	IMW is required to carry out quarantine provided by the district/city government
4.	No. 3/2020, set on 19 December 2020	Christmas 2020 and New Year 2021.	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	Re-test the PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate Check body temperature	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home
5.	Addendum No. 3/2020, set on 22 December 2020	Christmas 2020 and New Year 2021 and the discovery of a new variant of COVID-19 B.1.1.7 (Alpha)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate Check body temperature	3 days of quarantine at the local government. After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out. If the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home. self-quarantine for 5 days
6	No. 4/2020, set on 28 December 2020	Spreading of the new variant of COVID-19 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and protecting Indonesian citizens from imported cases. Imported cases are COVID-19 cases originating from international travel entering Indonesia with strict entry points at: 1. Airport a. Soekarno Hatta; b. Juanda, 2. Sea Port a. Batam, Riau Island b. Tanjung Pinang, Riau Island c. Nunukan, North Borneo 3. Cross Border Country a. Aruk, West Borneo b. Entikong, West Borneo	PCR swab is carried out 2 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government. After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home.
7.	No. 8/2021, set on 9 February 2021	Spreading of new variants of COVID-19 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and P1 (Gamma)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government. After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home. self-quarantine for 14 days
8	Addendum No 8/2021, set on 4 July 2021	Spreading of new variants of COVID-19 B.1.1.7 (Alpha), P1 (Gamma), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government. After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home. self-quarantine for 14 days
9.	No. 18/2021, set on 11 August 2021	Spreading of new variants of COVID-19 B.1.1.7 (Alpha), P1 (Gamma), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show the complete dose of COVID-19 vaccine or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government. After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home. self-quarantine for 14 days
10.	No. 20/2021 set on 13 October 2021	National Economic Recovery	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show a complete dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at least 14 days before departure or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home. self-quarantine for 14 days
11.	No. 14/2021 set on 13 October 2021	Amended and setting entry points to Indonesia: Airport Soekarno Hatta; Samratulangi, North Sulawesi Sea Port Batam, Riau island; Tanjung Pinang, Riau islands Nunukan, North Borneo; Cross Border Country Aruk, West Borneo Entikong, West Borneo	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show a complete dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at least 14 days before departure or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home.
12.	No. 23/2021 set on 29 November 2021.	Spreading of the new variant of COVID-19 B.1.1.529 (Omicron)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show a complete dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at least 14 days before departure or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home.
13.	Addendum No 23/2021 set on 2 December 2021.	Spreading of the new variant of COVID-19 B.1.1.529 (Omicron)	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show a complete dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at least 14 days before departure or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home.
14.	SK KA Task Force No 1/2022, stipulated on 1 January 2022.	The spreading of the new variant of COVID-19 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) and the accumulation of returning retired IMWs, determine the entry point to Indonesia: 1. Airport a Soekarno Hatta; b. Juanda; c. Samratulangi, North Sulawesi 2. Sea Port a. Batam, Riau Island; b. Tanjung Pinang, Riau Island; c. Nunukan, North Borneo 3. Cross Border Country a. Aruk, West Borneo b. Entikong, West Borneo c. Motaain, Nusa Tenggara Timur	PCR swab is carried out 3 x 24 hours before departure and attached to the International e-HAC (Electronic Health Alert Card).	To show a complete dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at least 14 days before departure or those who have not received the COVID-19 vaccine will be vaccinated in quarantine PCR swab entry test. Validate the PCR swab certificate. Body temperature check	3 days of quarantine at the local government After passing quarantine, a PCR swab exit test is carried out and if the PCR swab result is negative, the IMW is allowed to go home.

Sources: SE (Circulars Letter) and SK (Decisions Letter) of International Travel Policy during Pandemic COVID-19.

Figure 5. Quarantine Process Using Symptom Monitoring and Diagnostic Testing.

Figure 6. IMW return flow full duty during the COVID-19 pandemic.