A multidisciplinary definition and evaluation of resilience: the role of social justice in defining resilience

Figures & data

Table 1. A sequence of resilience concepts, from the more narrow interpretation to the broader social–ecological context (In revised form taken from: Folke, 2006)

Resilience conceptions	Characteristics	Focus on	Context
Narrow resilience	Return time Efficiency	Recovery Constancy	Vicinity of a stable equilibrium
Ecological/ecosystem resilience, and social resilience	Buffer capacity Withstand shock Maintain function	Persistence Robustness	Multiple equilibria Stability landscapes
Social–ecological resilience	Interplay disturbance and reorganization Sustaining and developing	Adaptive capacity Transformability Learning Innovation	Integrated system feedback Cross-scale dynamic interactions

Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253–267.10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002

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