Managing infrastructure resilience and adaptation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Resilience tool.

Table 1. Possible remedial actions for specified causes.

Cause	Possible Remedial Actions
Extreme cold or snow	Install points heaters, improve heating in waiting rooms, buy snowploughs
Extreme heat, lineside fires, rails buckling	Paint some rails white, issue bottled water to staff and passengers, improve fire-fighting capability
Structural damage due to storms or wind	Strengthen station roofs and other structures, remove lineside trees
Flooding	Re-route streams, change gradients, clean drains more often

Table 2. Key questions for interdependent systems.

Key Questions for each interdependent System
1. Has there been an analysis of the inputs from feeder Systems or from outside sources which are critical for enabling the System to operate at the required standard? Which of these inputs could be sourced from elsewhere at short notice? Are contractual arrangements in place to enable these replacement inputs to flow as soon as they are needed?
2. If inputs had to be sourced from elsewhere, are the arrangements for transporting these inputs to the System likely to be robust and timely?
3. Are stocks of all the critical inputs held and for how long would each stock last if the supply failed?
4. If the System would become inoperative when the first stock runs out, what is an acceptable period for it to remain inoperative?
5. If it seems possible that the System might remain inoperative beyond the acceptable period, are there options at present for increasing the size of stocks, and at what initial and ongoing cost?
6. Are there ways in which users of the output from the System might be able to switch to alternative sources to supply their needs, if and as soon as the acceptable period for the System to remain inoperative is exceeded?
7. Could the geographical location of the System be changed, if necessary to spread the climate risks of over-concentration in a place where feeder Systems are also located?
8. Can action be taken to improve the resilience of the System’s feeder Systems?

Table A1. Option (1) scenario analysis.

Option 1 (in £m)	Scen(a)	Scen(b)	Scen(c)
Benefits (see note 1)	2500	2500	1359
Capital cost	500	500	500
Cost of future repairs (see note 2)	5	147	56
Total cost	505	647	556
NPV of project (benefits less total cost)	1995	1853	803
Benefits-costs ratio (benefits/total cost)	4.95	3.86	2.44

Table A2. Option (2) scenario analysis.

Option 2 (in £m)	Scen(a)	Scen(b)	Scen(c)
Benefits (see note 3)	2500	2500	1359
Capital cost	525	525	525
Cost of future repairs (see note 4)	5	147	56
Total cost	530	672	581
NPV of project (benefits less total cost)	1970	1828	778
Benefits-costs ratio (benefits/total cost)	4.72	3.72	2.34

Table A3. Option (3) scenario analysis.

Option 3 (in £m)	Scen(a)	Scen(b)	Scen(c)
Benefits (see note 5)	2500	2500	2500
Capital cost	525	525	525
Cost of future repairs (see note 6)	3	56	56
Capital cost in 20 years’ time (see note 7)	105	105	105
Total cost	633	686	686
NPV of project (benefits less total cost)	1867	1814	1814
Benefits-costs ratio (benefits/total cost)	3.95	3.64	3.64

Table A4. Option (4) scenario analysis.

Option 4 (in £m)	Scen(a)	Scen(b)	Scen(c)
Benefits (see note 8)	2500	2500	2500
Capital cost	700	700	700
NPV of project (benefits less capital cost)	1800	1800	1800
Benefits-costs ratio (benefits/total cost)	3.57	3.57	3.57