The Effectiveness of Child-Parent Psychotherapy on Traumatized Preschoolers and Their Caregivers: A Swedish Multi-Site Study

Figures & data

Table 1. Children’s symptoms on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ-P) and the young child PTSD checklist (YCPC) at T1 and T2 (n = 56).

	T1	T2
Measure	M (SD)	M (SD)	d
SDQ-P
Total difficulties score	16.32 (7.15)	13.18 (6.96)	0.57***
Impact score	2.38 (2.32)	1.66 (2.29)	0.33*
Emotional symptoms	4.86 (2.95)	3.79 (2.653)	0.43*
Conduct problems	3.13 (1.95)	2.38 (1.99)	0.44*
Hyperactivity/inattention	5.09 (2.54)	4.89 (3.11)	–
Peer problems	3.50 (2.87)	3.20 (2.78)	–
Prosocial behavior	6.89 (2.27)	6.88 (3.18)	–
YCPC
Total	29.25 (14.28)	21.96 (16.6)	0.60***
Reexperiencing	4.18 (3.21)	3.13 (3.27)	0.45**
Avoidance	4.98 (4.01)	4.16 (4.17)	–
Arousal	6.95 (4.05)	5.20 (4.42)	0.51***
Functional impairment	7.25 (4.70)	5.35 (4.50)	0.51***

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 2. Caregivers’ symptoms on the the impact of event scale‐revised (ies‐r) and self-rated caregiving capacity on the caregiving helplessness questionnaire (chq), and the parental locus of control (PLOC) at T1 and T2 (n = 55).

	T1	T2
Measure	M (SD)	M (SD)	d
IES-R
Total	1.77 (0.96)	1.36 (1.01)	0.52***
Intrusion	1.96 (1.04)	1.41 (1.15)	0.55***
Avoidance	1.59 (0.98)	1.29 (1.08)	0.45***
Hyperarousal	1.72 (1.161)	1.38 (1.11)	0.33**
CHQ
Total	43.80 (8.05)	39.38 (8.84)	0.54***
Mother Helpless	12.69 (4.74)	10.11 (4.74)	0.55***
Mother-Child Frightened	11.44 (3.07)	9.33 (2.91)	0.58***
Child Caregiving	19.67 (3.96)	19.95 (5.06)	–
PLOC
Parental control	2.43 (0.65)	2.11 (0.58)	0.53***

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Table 3. Correlations (2-tailed, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r) of difference scores between T1 and T2 on outcomes in child general psychological symptoms (SDQ-P) and PTSD symptoms (YCPC) and caregiver general psychological symptoms (HSCL-25), PTSD symptoms (IES-R) and caregivers’ perceptions of their relationship with their child (CHQ and PLOC) using standardized values (z-scores) (n = 56 children, n = 55 caregivers).

	SDQ – P							YCPC
	Total	Impact score	Emot.- Probl.	Conduct problems	Hyper-activity	Peer problems	Prosoc. behavior	Total	Reexp.	Avoid.	Arous.	Funct. impaire
HSCL-25	0.468***	0.377*	0.230	0.152	0.499***	0.059	0.008	0.399*	0.251	0.159	0.376*	0.349**
IES-R Tot	0.307*	0.314*	0.100	0.213	0.384*	−.047	−.052	0.365*	0.418*	0.130	0.340*	0.193
Intrusion	0.188	0.136	0.052	0.137	0.321*	−.030	−.192	0.280*	0.388*	0.071	0.303*	0.132
Avoidance	0.258	0.351**	0.103	0.126	0.153	0.161	0.061	0.213	0.249	0.007	0.117	0.265
Hyperarousal	0.304*	0.298*	0.187	0.060	0.244	0.137	0.047	0.302*	0.329*	0.148	0.308*	0.025
PLOC	0.378*	0.062	0.205	0.245	0.366**	−.070	−.041	0.442**	0.080	0.322*	0.344**	0.489***
CHQ Tot	0.444***	0.185	0.242	0.357*	0.362**	−.028	0.219	0.527***	0.355*	0.274*	0.360*	0.536***
Helpless	0.419**	0.260	0.170	0.209	0.477***	−.039	0.125	0.565***	0.173	0.272*	0.576***	0.524***
Frightened	0.269*	−.026	0.011	0.397**	0.437*	−.271*	0.149	0.480***	0.283*	0.221	0.298*	0.593***
Child caregiv.	0.184	0.105	0.307*	−.197	−.208	0.255	0.179	−.027	0.285*	0.046	−.230	−.058

*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.