Figures & data
Figure 1. Phylogeny of Vespoidea. Bayesian Inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods produced the same topology based on 13 concatenated protein-coding genes. The numbers at each node specify percentage Bayesian posterior probabilities generated by BI analysis (first value) and bootstrap percentages of 1000 pseudo-replicates generated by ML analysis (second value). The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. One species from the Ichneumonidae (Diadegma semiclausum) and one species from the Evaniidae (Evania appendigaste) were utilized as outgroups. GenBank accession numbers are as follows: V. ducalis, KX950825; V. mandarinia, KR059904; V. bicolor, KJ735511; Vespula germanica, KR703583; Polistes jokahamae, KR052468; Abispa ephippium, EU302588; Atta laevigata, KC346251; Myrmica scabrinodis, LN607806; Pristomyrmex punctatus, AB556946; Camponotus atrox, KT159775; Formica selysi, KP670862; Linepithema humile, KX146468; Leptomyrmex pallens, KC160533; D. semiclausum, EU871947; and E. appendigaste, FJ593187.
