Phylogeographic investigation on the spiny frog Quasipaa shini (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) using mitochondrial DNA: cryptic species and species complex

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sampling localities in this study and phylogenetic relationships of Quasipaa shini. (A) Sampling localities (P1–P8) in this study. See information of populations P1–P8 in Table 1. Size of pie charts denoted beside localities is in proportion to number of samples, and different colors represent different clades/subclades. (B) Maximum likelihood tree based on COI gene sequences of haplotypes. Bootstrap supports of major nodes were denoted near them. Insert: the lower and upper frog photos are the phenotype of Clades I and II, respectively. (C) Haplotype network. The circle size is proportional to number of samples. Each subclade was surrounded by a dotted line. One white dot means one mutation step.

Table 1. Genetic diversity and neutrality tests of Quasipaa shini.

Pop/clade	Locality	Voucher number	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	n	nh	H	h	π	Tajima’s D	Fu’s Fs
P1	Xingan, Guangxi	CIBWB101-118	25.7918°	110.4687°	18	2	H1–H7	0.856	0.03721	1.09080	7.890*
P2	Ziyuan, Guagnxi	CIBWB201-214	25.9322°	110.6409°	14	2	H1, H2, H4–H6, H8, H9	0.901	0.05004	2.13340*	6.867*
P3	Longsheng, Guangxi	CIBWB301-305	25.7508°	110.1351°	5	2	H10–H12	0.800	0.02579	1.71338	4.428
P4	Jinxiu, Guangxi	CIBWB401-412	24.1415°	110.1174°	12	3	H1, H6, H8, H13–H15	0.848	0.03683	−0.37443	5.663*
P5	Huanjiang, Guangxi	CIBWB501-504	24.8599°	108.2639°	4	1	H16	0.000	0.00000	–	–
P6	Daoxian, Hunan	CIBWB601-607	25.3775°	111.4223°	7	1	H17, H18	0.476	0.00094	0.55902	0.589
P7	Libo, Guizhou	CIBWB701-706	25.4265°	108.1031°	6	1	H19–H21	0.733	0.00185	0.31063	−0.304
P8	Xingyi, Guizhou	CIBWB801-804	25.0309°	104.9875°	4	1	H5	0.000	0.00000	–	–
I	–	–	–	–	10	3		0.511	0.00322	−0.32944	1.485
II	–	–	–	–	60	18		0.932	0.02330	0.72698	2.138
II-1	–	–	–	–	6	3		0.733	0.00357	0.14908	0.826
II-2	–	–	–	–	3	2		0.667	0.00265	–	–
II-3	–	–	–	–	7	2		0.476	0.00094	0.55902	0.589
II-4	–	–	–	–	10	4		0.778	0.00450	1.13264	0.875
II-5	–	–	–	–	34	7		0.831	0.00435	2.10044*	0.053
Total	–	–	–	–	70	21		0.941	0.04046	0.87888	5.850*

Locality: County, Province; n: number of samples; nh: number of haplotypes; H: haplotype; h: haplotype diversity; π: nucleotide diversity. Significance level: *p < .05.