The complete mitochondrial genome of the Reef Manta Ray, Mobula alfredi, from Hawaii

Figures & data

Figure 1. Voucher photographs (A–D) of wild adult female Mobula alfredi (HAMER CatalogID#176 ‘Bullseye’) sampled from Maui Island, Hawai’i, USA in November 2010.

Figure 2. Map of the assembled Mobula alfredi mitochondrial genome (GenBank Accession: OP562409) consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (black), 22 transfer RNAs genes (red), two ribosomal RNA genes (light brown), and one non-coding control region (D-loop, dark brown). Genes encoded on the reverse strand and forward strand are illustrated inside the circle and outside the circle, respectively. The inner ring displays the GC content of the genome (every 5 bp), where the darker lines represent higher GC percent. This map was drawn using MitoAnnotator (Iwasaki et al. 2013).

Table 1. Devil ray (Family Mobulidae) mitogenomes from Genbank.

Accepted species	Genbank accession	Complete/partial	Length	Genbank record description	Reference
Mobula alfredi	OP562409	Complete	18,166	Mobula alfredi mitochondrion, complete mitogenome	Current study
Mobula alfredi	KX151653	Partial	15,708	Manta alfredi isolate GN16688 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula birostris	KF413894	Complete	18,075	Manta birostris mitochondrion, partial genome	Hinojosa-Alvarez et al. 2015
Mobula birostris	KM364991	Partial	15,704	Manta birostris isolate MBI_MG03…complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula birostris	KX151648	Partial	15,709	Manta birostris isolate GN6791 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula hypostoma	KX151646	Partial	15,719	Mobula hypostoma isolate GN5814 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula hypostoma	KM364992	Partial	15,662	Mobula rochebrunei isolate MRO_MG06… partial sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula kuhlii	KM361353	Partial	15,716	Mobula eregoodootenkee mitochondrion, complete genome	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula kuhlii	KM364987	Partial	15,715	Mobula kuhlii isolate MKU_MG10…complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula kuhlii	KM364989	Partial	15,715	Mobula kuhlii isolate MKU_MG02 … complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula kuhlii	KX151651	Partial	15,727	Mobula kuhlii isolate GN9426 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula kuhlii	KX151654	Partial	15,731	Mobula kuhlii isolate GN15461 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula mobular	JN184063	Partial	11,970	Mobula japanica mitochondrion, partial genome	Aschliman et al. 2012
Mobula mobular	JX392983	Complete	18,880	Mobula japanica mitochondrion, complete genome	Poortvliet and Hoarau 2013
Mobula mobular	KM364984	Partial	15,543	Mobula japanica isolate MJA_A03 … partial sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula mobular	KM364988	Partial	15,544	Mobula japanica isolate MJA_L02 12S … partial sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula mobular	KM435072	Partial	15,523	Mobula japanica mitochondrion, partial genome	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula mobular	KM364983	Partial	15,711	Mobula mobular isolate MMO … complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula mobular	KT203434	Complete	18,913	Mobula mobular mitochondrion, complete genome	Bustamante et al. 2016
Mobula mobular	KX151643	Partial	15,719	Mobula mobular isolate GN15654 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula mobular	KX151644	Partial	15,711	Mobula mobular isolate GN7058 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula munkiana	KM364990	Partial	15,717	Mobula munkiana isolate MMU_MG01…complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula munkiana	KX151645	Partial	15,719	Mobula munkiana isolate GN5251 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula tarapacana	KM364986	Partial	15,713	Mobula tarapacana isolate MTA_MG05 … partial sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula tarapacana	KX151647	Partial	15,730	Mobula tarapacana isolate GN10564 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula tarapacana	MH669414	Partial	15,686	Mobula tarapacana isolate CK02 mitochondrion, complete genome	Chandrasekaran et al. 2022
Mobula thurstoni	KM364993	Partial	15,719	Mobula thurstoni isolate MTH_MG08…complete sequence; mitochondrial	Poortvliet et al. 2015
Mobula thurstoni	KX151650	Partial	15,728	Mobula thurstoni isolate GN9728 mitochondrion, partial genome	White et al. 2017
Mobula thurstoni	MG206065	Complete	17,610	Mobula thurstoni mitochondrion, complete genome	Santillán-Lugo et al. 2017

Figure 3. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of Mobula. Presented are rooted Bayesian trees based on (A) all available congeneric (n = 4) complete mitochondrial genomes (i.e. including the control region), and (B) all congeneric (n = 28) partial mitochondrial genomes (i.e. excluding the control region) (Table 1). Alignment and branch support analyses were performed in Geneious Prime v. 2022.0.1 The best fit sequence evolution model for both datasets, GTR + G (gamma = 0.2670, complete genome; gamma = 0.2650, partial genome), was identified by the Akaike Information Criterion using jModelTest v. 2.1 (Guindon and Gascuel 2003; Darriba et al. 2012). Phylogenetic reconstruction using a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was created using PHYML v.3.0.1 (Guindon et al. 2010) as implemented in Geneious Prime with clade support assessed with 1000 non-parametric bootstrap replicates. Bayesian inference (BI) analysis was run using MrBayes v.2.2.4 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001; Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) by running a pair of independent searches for 1 million generations, with trees saved every 1000 generations and the first 250 trees discarded as burn-in. Sequence divergence is represented on the scale bar. Branch support is presented as ML/BI. Aetobatus flagellum was selected as the outgroup. The resulting trees confirm the placement of OP562409 with M. alfredi, as sister to M. birostris and reinforces phylogenetic relationships established by previous studies (Poortvliet et al. 2015; White et al. 2017).

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Data availability statement

The genome sequence data that support the findings of this study are openly available in GenBank of NCBI at [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] under the accession no. OP562409. The associated BioProject, SRA, and BioSample accession numbers are PRJNA899543, SRR22233901, and SAMN31097093 respectively.