Biogas Plant Distribution for Rural Household Sustainable Energy Supply in Africa

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample size distribution along selected study sites.

Name of district	Total biogas adopters	Percentage share	Final sample size
Hintalo Wajirat	1050	47.68	86
Ofla	516	23.43	42
Kilte Awlaelo	349	15.85	29
Enderta	287	13.04	23
Total	2202	100	180

Table 2. Age and household size of biogas plant adopters.

	N
	Valid	Missing	Mean	Minimum	Maximum
Age of Respondents	92	1	47.08	15	79
Household Size of Respondents	93	0	6.02	1	12

Figure 1. Marital status and education level of biogas plant adopters.

Table 3. Total number of installed biogas plants in Tigray since 2009.

S/NO.	Name of Woreda	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	Total
1	Hintalo Wojerat	13	42	173	228	340	185	69	1050
2	Enderta	0	4	65	53	45	55	65	287
3	Degua Temben	0	0	0	5	1	8	14	28
4	Seharti Samre	0	0	0	3	15	12	20	50
5	Tanqua Abergele	0	0	0	2	5	5	18	30
6	Kolla Temben	0	0	0	0	1	7	24	32
7	Mekelle	0	6	22	6	25	50	95	204
8	Ofla	12	117	109	43	111	45	79	516
9	Raya Alamata	0	6	14	7	13	13	7	60
10	Raya Azebo	0	0	2	17	20	4	1	44
11	Emba Alage	0	0	0	11	8	2	0	21
12	Endamehoni	0	0	0	0	2	15	21	38
13	Kilte Awlaelo	0	0	0	24	97	134	94	349
14	Atsbi Womberta	0	0	0	2	16	63	55	136
15	S/Tsada Emba	0	0	0	4	25	52	30	111
16	Hawzen	0	0	0	19	26	23	28	96
17	Ganta Afeshom	0	0	0	16	47	33	31	127
18	Werei Leke	0	0	0	4	0	2	6	12
19	Adwa	0	0	0	1	5	8	18	32
20	Ahferom	0	0	0	2	0	8	12	22
21	Mereb Leke	0	0	0	18	4	27	9	58
22	Laelay Maychew	0	0	0	1	5	10	3	19
23	Naedir Adet	0	0	0	16	14	53	19	102
24	Medebay Zana	0	2	22	6	6	18	10	64
25	Tahtay Koraro	0	0	0	15	1	12	18	46
26	Laelay Adyabo	0	0	0	19	9	9	14	51
27	Asgede Tsimbla	0	2	15	16	11	6	4	54
28	Tselemti						3	9	12
29	GulomaKda							5	5
30	Tahitay adiabo							0	0
31	Wekait							1	1
32	Tsegede							0	0
33	T/maichew							2	2
34	K/hummera							1	1
Total		25	179	422	538	852	862	782	3660
Cumulative production		25	204	626	1164	2016	2878	3660

Source: Tigray Region Mines and Energy Agency, 2016.

Figure 2. Rate of annual biogas plant installations.

Figure 3. Number of years spent by adopters in using biogas.

Table 4. Purpose of biogas use.

	For what purpose do you use biogas?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	For cooking	10	10.8	18.9	18.9
	For lighting	3	3.2	5.7	24.5
	For both cooking and lighting	40	43.0	75.5	100.0
	Total	53	57.0	100.0
Missing	99	40	43.0
Total		93	100.0

Table 5. Required inputs for biogas plant installation.

Requirements		Amount of gas production
		6m^3	8m^3	10m^3
Construction stone in m^3		4.5	5	6
Number of cattle	Released (graze outside)	6	8	10
	Detained	4	6	8
Sand in m^3		2.3	2.5	2.8
Water tube		2	2	2
Required amount of manure for the first fill up in quintal		23	30	38
PVC (110 mm) tube in meters		4	4	4
Steel (8 mm)		4	4	5

Source: Tigray Mines and Energy Agency, Biogas Coordination Program (2016).

Figure 4. Institutional arrangements of biogas.

Source: adapted from National Biogas Program of Ethiopia, 2014.

Table 6. Effectiveness of “satisfied customer telling friends” promotional approach.

	Sum	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	% of Total Sum
Number of potential users advised by satisfied users	350	8.33	1	50	100.0%
Total number of installed biogases by the advisee	192	4.57	0	20	100.0%

Table 7. Ways of biogas promotion.

	How did you become aware of biogas plant?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Training	16	17.2	19.8	19.8
	Media	4	4.3	4.9	24.7
	Personal observation	28	30.1	34.6	59.3
	House to house promotion	23	24.7	28.4	87.7
	Rumor	7	7.5	8.6	96.3
	Local meeting	3	3.2	3.7	100.0
	Total	81	87.1	100.0
Missing	99	12	12.9
Total		93	100.0

Table 8. External assistance gained by biogas adopters during construction.

	Types of external assistance
	Material	Financial	Technical	Training	other	Total
Responses	56	30	57	33	0	269
Row N %	60.2%	32.3%	61.3%	35.5%	.0%	100.0%
Row Responses %	20.8%	11.2%	21.2%	12.3%	.0%	100.0%

Table 9. Current operational status of biogas plants.

	Is your biogas plant operational now?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	yes	39	41.9	41.9	41.9
	No	54	58.1	58.1	100.0
	Total	93	100.0	100.0

Figure 5. Reasons for disuse of biogas plants.

Table 10. Manure management after biogas adoption.

	Does your biogas adoption contributed to your manure management?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	45	48.4	77.6	77.6
	No	3	3.2	5.2	82.8
	Not certain	10	10.8	17.2	100.0
	Total	58	62.4	100.0
Missing	99	35	37.6
Total		93	100.0

Table 11. Use of bio-slurry as fertilizer by biogas users.

	Do you use the bio-slurry as fertilizer for your crop production?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	35	37.6	62.5	62.5
	No	21	22.6	37.5	100.0
	Total	56	60.2	100.0
Missing	99	37	39.8
Total		93	100.0

Figure 6. Main source of energy before biogas adoption.

Table 12. Source of fuel wood before biogas adoption.

	If fuel wood was your main source of energy, what was your source?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Personal plantation	29	31.2	53.7	53.7
	Public forest area	12	12.9	22.2	75.9
	Purchasing	13	14.0	24.1	100.0
	Total	54	58.1	100.0
Missing	99	39	41.9
Total		93	100.0

Table 13. Toilet connection with bio-digester.

	Is your toilet connected with the biogas digester?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Yes	71	76.3	83.5	83.5
	No	14	15.1	16.5	100.0
	Total	85	91.4	100.0
Missing	99	8	8.6
Total		93	100.0