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Articles

Crime Geosurveillance in Microscale Urban Environments: NetSurveillance

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Pages 1386-1406 | Received 01 Apr 2017, Accepted 22 Aug 2018, Published online: 28 Jan 2020
 

Abstract

Events and phenomena such as crime incidents and outbreak of an epidemic tend to form concentrations of high risk known as hotspots. Geosurveillance is an increasingly popular notion for detecting and monitoring the emergence of and changes in hotspots. Yet the existing range of methods is not designed to accurately detect emerging risks at the microscale of street address level. This study proposes NetSurveillance, a method for monitoring the emergence of significant concentrations of events along the intricate network of urban streets. Through a simulation test, the study demonstrates the high accuracy of NetSurveillance in detecting such clusters, outperforming its conventional counterpart conclusively when applied at the individual street address level. Empirical analysis of drug incidents from Chicago also illustrates its capacity to identify rapid outbursts of crimes as well as a more gradual buildup of such a concentration, and their disappearance, either as a one-off or as part of a recurrent hotbed.

犯罪事件和流行病爆发等事件和现象,往往会引起被称为热点的高风险集中现象。地理监视是一个日益受推崇的概念,主要用于检测和监测热点的出现和变化。但现有的一系列方法并不能在街道地址级别的微小尺度上准确检测新出现的风险。本研究提出的 NetSurveillance 方法,可用于监控城市街道复杂网络中重大事件的集中出现。通过模拟测试,该研究证明 NetSurveillance 在检测此类集中现象方面精度很高。应用于单个街道地址级别时,其性能大幅优于传统的同类技术。对芝加哥毒品事件的实证分析还表明,该方法还可识别快速爆发的犯罪现象,以及此类集中现象逐渐积累和消失的过程,无论是一次性出现或作为一个反复出现温床的组成部分,均无例外。

Los eventos y fenómenos de la clase de incidentes criminales y brotes epidémicos tienden a formar concentraciones de alto riesgo a las que se conoce como puntos calientes. La geo-vigilancia es una noción cada vez más popularizada que se refiere a la detección de una emergencia y al monitoreo de los cambios que se presentan en sus puntos calientes. No obstante, el actual espectro metodológico no fue diseñado para detectar con exactitud los riesgos que surgen a la escala micro del nivel de una dirección de calle. El presente estudio propone la RedVigilancia, un método para monitorear la aparición de concentraciones significativas de eventos a lo largo del intrincado tejido de calles urbanas. A través de un ejercicio de simulación, el estudio demuestra la alta exactitud de RedVigilancia para detectar tal tipo de concentraciones, superando concluyentemente a su contraparte convencional cuando se aplica a nivel de las direcciones individuales de calle. Un análisis empírico de incidentes con drogas en Chicago ilustra también su capacidad para identificar estallidos de acciones criminales intempestivas lo mismo que el más gradual desarrollo de una concentración de tal naturaleza, y su desaparición, bien como una excepcionalidad o como parte de un caldo de cultivo recurrente.

Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to Professor Richard Block and Dr. Carolyn Block for the use of the crime data from Chicago, Illinois.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded in part by the British Academy/Leverhumle Trust Small Research Grant scheme.

Notes on contributors

Shino Shiode

SHINO SHIODE is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography at Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1H 9EZ, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include geography of crime, spatial epidemiology, and development of theory and methods for spatial analysis.

Narushige Shiode

NARUSHIGE SHIODE is a Reader in the Department of Geography at King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK. E-mail: [email protected]. He has worked mainly in the fields of urban geography, spatial analysis, and GIS to identify patterns of changes in areas of built and natural environment.

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