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Reproducibility and Replicability Forum

Reproducibility and Replicability in the Context of the Contested Identities of Geography

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Pages 1275-1283 | Received 07 Oct 2019, Accepted 27 Apr 2020, Published online: 13 Oct 2020
 

Abstract

This article situates the current discussion of reproducibility and replicability taking place across the sciences within geographers’ enduring discussion of nomothetic and idiographic approaches, best exemplified by the Hartshorne–Schaefer debate. Although the Hartshorne–Schaefer debate retrospectively set the stage for the development of geography from the 1950s to the present, it is surprising that direct discussions of reproducibility and replicability remain mostly absent from the geographic literature. Drawing from recent literature on reproducibility and replicability in the humanities and physical, social, and computational sciences, it is argued that a deeper focus on these issues will have varied impacts on the discipline. Adopting and improving reproducible practices in geographic research reliant on scientific methods will align geographic research with mainstream scientific inquiry. The discipline’s ever-growing diversity of theoretical perspectives and problem domains also makes it likely that a significant portion of geographic research, like many other fields in science, might not be affected by the issues and concerns of reproducibility and replicability. Moving forward, geographic research might continue to benefit from a pluralist framework that embraces both the nomothetic and idiographic approaches, particularly in a broader research environment increasingly defined by disciplinary synthesis and convergence.

本文把科学领域对可重复性和可再现性的讨论, 置于地理学者对理性和独特性的长期讨论中(哈特向-舍费尔争论是这种讨论的最佳例子)。尽管哈特向-舍费尔争论为1950年代至今的地理学发展奠定了基础, 令人惊讶的是, 地理学文献中几乎没有直接讨论可再现性和可重复性。根据人文科学、自然科学、社会科学和计算科学关于可再现性和可重复性的最新文献, 我们认为, 对这些问题的深切关注, 会对学科有不同的影响。对依赖科学方法的地理学研究采用并改善可再现的方法, 可以把地理学研究向主流科学研究看齐。同许多科学领域一样, 地学理论概念和实际问题的持续多样化, 可能会使绝大部分地理学研究免于可再现性、可重复性的问题和顾虑。在学科研究持续融合和交叉的大环境下, 地理学研究可能会继续受益于能包容理性的、独特性的研究的多元框架。

Este artículo ubica la discusión actual sobre reproducibilidad y replicabilidad que ocurre a través de las ciencias dentro de la interminable polémica de los enfoques nomotético e idiográfico, muy bien ilustrada en el debate Hartshorne–Schaefer. Aunque retrospectivamente el debate Hartshorne–Schaefer tendió el escenario para el desarrollo de la geografía desde los años 1950 hasta el presente, sorprende que las discusiones directas de reproducibilidad y replicabilidad sigan poco menos que ausentes en la literatura geográfica. A partir de lo incluido en la literatura reciente sobre reproducibilidad y repetibilidad en las humanidades y en las ciencias físicas, sociales y computacionales, se arguye que concentrarse de modo más profundo en estos asuntos tendrá impactos variados sobre la disciplina. Adoptar y mejorar prácticas de replicación en la investigación geográfica supeditadas a metodologías científicas alineará la investigación geográfica con la corriente rectora de la indagación científica. La siempre creciente diversidad de la disciplina en perspectivas teóricas y esferas de problemas también está haciendo que una porción significativa de la investigación geográfica, como en muchos otros campos de la ciencia, podría no verse afectada por las cuestiones y preocupaciones de reproducibilidad y replicabilidad. Continuando así, la investigación geográfica podría seguir tomando ventaja de un marco pluralista que abarque por igual los enfoques nomotéticos e idiográficos, en particular en un entorno investigativo más amplio que cada vez más se define por la síntesis y convergencia disciplinarias.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Daniel Sui

DANIEL SUI is Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation and Distinguished Professor of Geography at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include environmental implications of the emerging sharing economy, development of smart cities, location-based social media, open and alternative GIS, Deep Web and Darknet, and legal and ethical issues of using geospatial technology in society.

Peter Kedron

PETER KEDRON is an Assistant Professor in the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning at Arizona State University and a member of the Spatial Analysis Research Center, Tempe, AZ 85281. E-mail: [email protected]. As a social scientist, his research examines the spatial organization of human activity and its relation to the environment with a particular focus on developing new methods of and approaches to spatial analysis.

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