https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-0470
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Abstract
Surge-type glaciers in Svalbard are common and have been studied extensively. Whereas active phases of surges were observed and thoroughly investigated recently, data on surges in the past are limited. They are essential, however, to assess the duration of the surge cycle, to determine relation to climatic impulses, and to better understand triggering factors and the mechanism of this phenomenon. Three glaciers located in Recherchefjorden, NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land (Svalbard) were studied because they undergo the same regional climate conditions but differ by the basin’s size and morphology front types. The article employed different types of data, including geomorphological records, cartographic, graphic, and bibliographic sources. These sources permitted the determination of the location of the termini of glaciers and the quantitative and qualitative description of the rate of changes determined with computer analysis and statistical compilation. Such analysis of other data sources enabled the reconstruction of glaciers’ behavior in the past. Glacier surges in the study area correspond with this type of phenomenon in Svalbard. The results obtained showed a certain synchronization of surges in the 1820s and 1830s, the 1880s, the first half of the twentieth century, and particularly the last decade.
跃动型冰川在斯瓦尔巴群岛很常见并得到了广泛的研究。近来, 跃动活动期得到了观测和详尽研究, 但鲜有历史跃动的数据。然而, 为了评估跃动周期的持续时间、确定与气候脉冲的关系、更好地理解这种现象的触发因素和机制, 历史跃动数据至关重要。本文研究了位于斯瓦尔巴群岛Wedel Jarlsberg西北部Recherchefjorden的三座冰川。选择这三个冰川的原因, 是因为它们具有相同的区域气候条件, 但有不同的流域面积和形态类型。本文采用了地貌记载、地图、图形和文献等数据。这些数据可用于确定冰川终点的位置, 并通过计算机分析和统计汇编对变化速度进行了定量和定性描述。通过对这些数据源的分析, 我们可以重建冰川的历史活动。研究区域内的冰川跃动与斯瓦尔巴群岛的这种现象相对应。结果显示, 在19世纪20至30年代、19世纪80年代、20世纪上半叶、尤其是近10年, 跃动有一定的同步性。
Los glaciares del tipo de rápido desplazamiento intermitente, de Svalbard, son comunes y han sido ampliamente estudiados. Mientras que la fases activas de estas aceleraciones intempestivas han sido observadas y estudiadas profusamente en tiempo reciente, los datos sobre este fenómeno en el pasado son limitados. Sin embargo, son esenciales para evaluar la duración del ciclo de la aceleración, para determinar su relación con los impulsos climáticos y para entender mejor los factores que las desencadenan y el mecanismo del fenómeno. Se estudiaron tres glaciares localizados en Recherchefjorden, al noroeste de la Tierra de Wedel Jarlsberg (Svalbard), en cuanto estos experimentan las mismas condiciones climáticas regionales, pero difieren por el tamaño de la cuenca y los tipos de morfología frontal. El artículo empleó diferentes tipos de datos, los cuales incluyeron registros geomorfológicos, cartográficos, gráficos y fuentes bibliográficas. Estas fuentes permitieron establecer la localización de los extremos terminales de los glaciares y la descripción cuantitativa y cualitativa en el ritmo de cambios establecidos con análisis computacional y compilación estadística. Tal análisis de otras fuentes de datos permitió la reconstrucción del comportamiento de los glaciares en el pasado. Las aceleraciones glaciares en el área de estudio se corresponden con este tipo de fenómeno en Svalbard. Los resultados logrados muestran una cierta sincronización de las aceleraciones en los años 1820 y 1830, en la década de 1880, y en la primera mitad del siglo XX, y, más particularmente, en la última década.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the reviewers for suggestions that have improved this article.
Supplemental Material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s site at: https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2023.2200487. This includes five tables: Table S.1, the list of source data; Tables S.2, S.3, and S.4, values of front glacier changes in selected periods; and Table S.5, the list of surge glaciers on Svalbard. Sixteen additional figures show the front position of the analyzed glaciers from the seventeenth century to the present day.
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Notes on contributors
Piotr Zagórski
PIOTR ZAGÓRSKI is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on paleogeography and contemporary geomorphological processes of polar regions, especially in relation to the coastal zone and the use of Structure from Motion methods.
Kamila Frydrych
KAMILA FRYDRYCH is a PhD Student in Geography at the Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-718, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research focuses on the dynamic and changes of the relief of paraglacial coasts on Spitsbergen.
Jacek Jania
JACEK JANIA is a Professor in the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on glaciology with special attention to tidewater glaciers, climate and environmental changes in the Arctic, and application of different remote sensing methods in polar environments.
Małgorzata Błaszczyk
MAŁGORZATA BŁASZCZYK is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland. E-mail: mał[email protected]. Her research focuses on glaciology, in particular on studies of the dynamics of tidewater glaciers based on remote-sensing methods.
Monica Sund
MONICA SUND is a Senior Geoscientist at the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, N-0301 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research in glaciology focuses on glacier dynamics in Svalbard and slushflows in general.
Mateusz Moskalik
MATEUSZ MOSKALIK is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Polar and Marine Research, Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-452, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on the processes in the polar fjords systems—fjord hydrography, sedimentations, sea-ice and glacier interaction, waves, and coastal erosion.