Minimally invasive surgical techniques for the therapy of far lateral disc herniation in middle-aged and elderly patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient baseline characteristics.

	A(N = 19)			B(N = 24)			C(N = 31)			P
Age, y	64.7 ± 7.3			64.1 ± 6.3			63.9 ± 6.4			0.974
	55–59	60–69	≥70	55–59	60–69	≥70	55–59	60–69	≥70
	6	9	4	8	10	6	10	14	7	0.997
Gender n (%)
Male	10			14			17			0.929
Female	9			10			14
Level n (%)										0.681
L2/3	1			0			0
L3/4	4			4			7
L4/5	9			11			12
L5/S1	5			9			12
Comorbidity type (%)										0.992
Diabetes	4			5			7
Coronary artery disease	6			7			8
Tobacco use	6			6			7

Figure 1. a typical case of PELD. Notes: (A) coronal CT shows L5/S1 right FLDH. (B) sagittal MRI shows L5/S1 FLDH. (C) and (D) intraoperative channel X-ray images. (E) and（F）Exposure of exiting nerve root.

Figure 2. A typical case of MIS-TLIF CTS. Notes: (A) CT shows L4/5 left FLDH. (B) sagittal MRI shows L4/5 FLDH. (C) and (D) X-ray images demonstrate permanent position after 1 year.(E) and (F) coronal CT images after 1 year.

Figure 3. A typical case of MIS-TLIF BPS. Notes: (A) coronal CT shows L5/S1 right FLDH. (B) sagittal MRI shows L5/S1 FLDH. (C) and (D) X-ray images demonstrate permanent position after 1 year.(E)coronal and（F）sagittal CT images after 1 year.

Table 2. Surgical outcomes.

	A(N = 19)	B(N = 24)	C(N = 31)	P(AB)	P(AC)	P(BC)
length of incision, mm	7.7 ± 1.1	33.2 ± 2.6	34.1 ± 2.0	<0.05	<0.001	0.172
Duration of operation, min	97.1 ± 9.6	163.9 ± 9.5	167.2 ± 8.2	<0.001	<0.001	0.175
Estimated blood loss, mL	14.2 ± 6.9	141.3 ± 18.7	147.4 ± 19.7	<0.001	<0.001	0.244
hospitalization time, d	5.2 ± 0.9	10.8 ± 1.3	11.2 ± 1.2	<0.001	<0.001	0.237
operation cost, CNY	23001.1 ± 2426.2	51164.3 ± 5228.7	65805.6 ± 2886.3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
recurrence rate	11%	0	0
fusion rate	–	100%	100%

Table 3. Pre- and postoperative LP VAS score, ODI score and Macnab criteria assessment.

		A	B	C	P(AB)	P(AC)	P(BC)
VAS（BP）	Preoperative	4.7 ± 1.1	4.9 ± 1.1	5.0 ± 1.0	0.692	0.355	0.594
	1w postoperative	1.3 ± 0.5	2.8 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.0	<0.001	<0.001	0.333
	1y postoperative	0.7 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.7	<0.05	<0.001	0.227
VAS（LP）	Preoperative	7.7 ± 0.9	7.8 ± 0.7	7.5 ± 0.9	0.663	0.508	0.209
	1w postoperative	2.5 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.6	0.868	0.382	0.444
	1y postoperative	1.4 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.6	1.5 ± 0.6	0.858	0.754	0.878
ODI	Preoperative	76.8 ± 6.7	74.3 ± 6.5	76.0 ± 6.9	0.218	0.671	0.364
	1w postoperative	27.9 ± 2.7	26.5 ± 3.5	26.4 ± 3.6	0.131	0.109	0.941
	1y postoperative	23.6 ± 3.2	22.9 ± 3.6	22.8 ± 3.6	0.508	0.442	0.944
Macnab criteria assessment					.986
	Excellent	7	9	11
	Good	10	12	15
	Fair	2	3	5
	Poor	0	0	0