Enduring and Emergent Public Opinion in Relation to a Suburban Stadium District: The Case of Truist Park–Battery Atlanta

Figures & data

Table 1. Major League Baseball stadium distances to city centers.

Team	Ballpark	Location	Opened	Distance to city center
				Mi	Km
Arizona Diamondbacks	Chase Field	Phoenix, Arizona	1998	0.7	1.1
Atlanta Braves	Truist Park	Cumberland, Georgia	2017	13.5	21.7
Baltimore Orioles	Oriole Park at Camden Yards	Baltimore, Maryland	1992	0.9	1.4
Boston Red Sox	Fenway Park	Boston, Massachusetts	1912	2.7	4.3
Chicago Cubs	Wrigley Field	Chicago, Illinois	1914	6.4	10.3
Chicago White Sox	Guaranteed Rate Field	Chicago, Illinois	1991	4.3	6.9
Cincinnati Reds	Great American Ball Park	Cincinnati, Ohio	2003	1.2	1.9
Cleveland Indians	Progressive Field	Cleveland, Ohio	1994	0.8	1.3
Colorado Rockies	Coors Field	Denver, Colorado	1994	1.6	2.6
Detroit Tigers	Comerica Park	Detroit, Michigan	2000	0.9	1.4
Houston Astros	Minute Maid Park	Houston, Texas	2000	1.2	1.9
Kansas City Royals	Kauffman Stadium	Kansas City, Missouri	1973	7.3	11.7
Los Angeles Angels	Angel Stadium	Anaheim, California	1966	29.4^a	47.3^a
Los Angeles Dodgers	Dodger Stadium	Los Angeles, California	1962	1.8	2.9
Miami Marlins	Marlins Park	Miami, Florida	2012	4.0	6.4
Milwaukee Brewers	American Family Field	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	2001	3.7	6.0
Minnesota Twins	Target Field	Minneapolis, Minnesota	2010	1.3	2.1
New York Mets	Citi Field	Queens, New York	2009	12.0	19.3
New York Yankees	Yankee Stadium	Bronx, New York	2009	13.0	20.9
Oakland Athletics	RingCentral Coliseum	Oakland, California	1966	6.2	10.0
Philadelphia Phillies	Citizens Bank Park	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	2004	3.7	6.0
Pittsburgh Pirates	PNC Park	Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	2001	1.1	1.8
San Diego Padres	Petco Park	San Diego, California	2004	1.0	1.6
San Francisco Giants	Oracle Park	San Francisco, California	2000	2.5	4.0
Seattle Mariners	T-Mobile Park	Seattle, Washington	1999	1.2	1.9
St. Louis Cardinals	Busch Stadium	St. Louis, Missouri	2006	0.4	0.6
Tampa Bay Rays	Tropicana Field	St. Petersburg, Florida	1990	22.0^b	35.4^b
Texas Rangers	Globe Life Field	Arlington, Texas	2020	18.3^c	29.4^c
Toronto Blue Jays	Rogers Centre	Toronto, Ontario	1989	1.4	2.3
Washington Nationals	Nationals Park	Washington, DC	2008	2.6	4.2

Note.

^a When adjusting location from Los Angeles to Anaheim city center, distance is 4.1 mi, 6.6 km.

^b When adjusting location from Tampa to St. Petersburg city center, distance is 0.8 mi, 1.3 km.

^c When adjusting location from Dallas to Arlington city center, distance is 2.0 mi, 3.2 km.

Table 2. Demographic comparison of sample, county registered voters, and all county residents.

	Sample	Registered voters^a	All residents
N	134	392,790	688,078
Age
Mdn age (years)	54.2	40.7	35.4
18 years and over	100.0%	100.0%	74.4%
21 years and over	99.3%	97.4%	70.5%
62 years and over	33.6%	21.2%	11.5%
65 years and over	25.4%	16.6%	8.7%
Gender
Women	47.0%	54.7%	51.4%
Men	53.0%	45.1%	48.6%
Non-binary and/or other gender identification	0.0%	0.1%	–
Race^b
White persons	80.6%	63.3%	62.2%
Black or African American persons	8.2%	24.5%	25.0%
American Indian or Alaska Native persons	0.0%	0.1%	0.3%
Asian persons	2.2%	2.0%	4.5%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0.0%	–	0.1%
Persons reporting multiple or other races	8.9%	7.4%	2.7%
Persons of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin	3.0%	2.7%	12.3%
White persons not Hispanic	85.8%	–	87.7%
Highest level of education achieved^c
Less than high school graduate or equivalent	0.0%		8.8%
High school graduate or equivalent	5.5%		18.9%
Some college, no degree	12.5%		19.7%
Associate’s degree	5.5%		7.1%
Bachelor’s degree	36.7%		29.6%
Graduate degree or higher	37.5%		15.9%
Income
Mdn per capita income range	$75,000−99,999
Per capita money income in past 12 months			$33,418 ^d

Note. Mdn = median; – = not reported. Percentages of Sample declining to answer Race and Highest Level of Education not reported in table. All Residents data from “2010 Census of Population and Housing” and “2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,” by U.S. Census Bureau (2010, 2014).

^a As of June 2014.

^b Percentages reported for White persons, Black persons, American Indians or Alaska Native persons, Asian persons, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander include persons reporting only one race; Hispanic persons may be of any race, so may also be included in applicable race categories.

^c Percentage of persons age ≥25.

^d 2010–2014; in 2014 USD.

Figure 1. Results of empirical material coding.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Profile of general population and housing characteristics. 2010 Census of Population and Housing. https://factfinder.census.gov/

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U.S. Census Bureau. (2014). ACS demographic and housing estimates. 2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. https://factfinder.census.gov/

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