Is childhood obesity a result of toxic exposure to cadmium or malathion? An observational pilot Egyptian study

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographical characteristics and body mass indices of the studied groups of children (n = 80).

	Group A (n = 40)	Group B (n = 40)	p-value
Age (years)	11.37 ± 2.84	12.32 ± 2.03	0.089
Gender
Male	31 (78.0%)	26 (65.0%)	0.217
Female	9 (23.0%)	14 (35.0%)
Residence
Urban	10 (25.0%)	14 (35.0%)	0.329
Rural	30 (75.0%)	26 (65.0%)
Weight (kg)	72..27 ± 22..21	44.92 ± 7.24	≤0.001*
Height (cm)	145.35 ± 16.56	158.25 ± 10.14	≤0.001*
BMI (kg/m^2)	33.34 ± 5.37	17.78 ± 1.11	≤0.001*

BMI: body mass index; kg: kilograms; cm: centimeters; m^: height; Group A: 40 obese child; Group B: 40 normal-weight children; * p value is significant.

Table 2. Cadmium, malaoxon and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDCA) adjusted concentrations (medians and ranges) in the studied groups of children (n = 80).

Parameters		Group A(n = 40)	Group B (n = 40)	p-value
Urinary Creatinine (mg/dL)	Median IQR	40.75 (28.16–63.23)	54.31 (10.20–157.08)	0.157
Adjusted Malaoxon (mg/g)	Median IQR	0 (0.0–2.14)	0 (0.0–10.29)	0.003*
Adjusted MDCA (mg/g)	Median IQR	0.769 (0.0–1.11)	0.813 (0.0–4.81)	0.866
Adjusted Cd (mg/g)	Median IQR	0.04 (0.0–0.23)	0.02 (0.0–0.18)	0.067

MDCA: malathion dicarboxylic acid; mg: milligram; dL: deciliter; g: gram; Cd: cadmium; IQR: interquartile range; Group A: 40 obese child; Group B: 40 normal-weight children; * p value is significant.