Mapping the current state of pediatric surgical pain care across Canada and assessing readiness for change

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant demographic characteristics.

Demographic characteristics	Mean (SD)	n (%)
Professional role(s)
Nurse		17 (20.0)
Surgeon		16 (18.8)
Nurse practitioner		15 (17.6)
Clinical nurse specialist		12 (14.1)
Nurse educator		10 (11.8)
Manager or administrator		9 (10.6)
Anesthesiologist		9 (10.6)
Allied health (e.g., occupational therapist, child life therapist, physical therapist, psychologist) Other physician (e.g., pediatrician)		8 (9.4) 2 (2.4)
Clinical programs you are part of and/or oversee
Surgical services or programs—Ambulatory		26 (30.6)
Surgical services or programs—Major surgeries requiring inpatient stay		40 (47.1)
Medical services or programs		19 (22.4)
Acute pain service		20 (23.5)
Transitional pain service		9 (10.6)
Chronic/complex pain service		14 (16.5)
Intensive pain rehabilitation service		3 (3.5)
Time in current role (years)	7.79 (6.51)
Age (years)	38.40 (11.51)
Gender
Female		63 (74.1)
Male		22 (25.9)
Race
White		79 (92.9)
Indigenous (e.g., Aboriginal, First Nations, Inuit, Metis)		3 (3.5)
Latin American		1 (1.2)
Chinese		1 (1.2)
Arab		1 (1.2)
West Asian (e.g., Iranian, Afghan)		1 (1.2)
Black		1 (1.2)
Declined to state/missing		2 (2.4)
Perceived or treated as a person of color
Yes		3 (3.5)
No		82 (96.5)

Table 2. Health care institutions.

Participants’ health care institutions in Canada

Alberta Children’s Hospital

BC Children’s Hospital

Center Hospitalier de l’Universite de Sherbrooke

CHEO (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario)

Children’s Hospital–Health Sciences Center (Winnipeg, MB) Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center Children’s Treatment Network of Simcoe York

Chinook Regional Hospital

CHU Sainte-Justine

Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital

IWK Health Center

Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital

McMaster Children’s Hospital

Regina General Hospital

Shriners Hospital for Children Canada

Stollery Children’s Hospital

The Hospital for Sick Children

The Janeway Children’s Hospital & Rehabilitation Center

Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center

Victoria General Hospital

Table 3. Health care institution characteristics.

Institution characteristics	n (%)
Type of patient population(s)
Pediatric only	56 (65.9)
Pediatric and adult	29 (34.1)
Type of children’s health institution
Tertiary/quaternary children’s hospital	46 (54.1)
Rehabilitation hospital	9 (10.6)
Community/regional hospital	18 (21.2)
Children’s community treatment center	12 (14.1)
Number of pediatric inpatient beds
1–50	31 (36.5)
51–100	15 (17.6)
101–150	8 (9.4)
151–200	10 (11.8)
200+	17 (20.0)
Unsure	4 (4.7)
Type of specialty pain service(s)
None	4 (4.7)
Acute pain service	50 (58.8)
Transitional pain service	30 (35.3)
Chronic/complex chronic pain service	51 (60.0)
Intensive pain rehabilitation service	13 (15.3)
Type of pediatric surgeries
Ambulatory (day surgery) Number per year	61 (71.8)
1–50	13 (21.3)
51–100	5 (8.2)
101–150	1 (1.6)
151–200	0 (0)
200+	24 (39.3)
Unsure	18 (29.5)
Major (requiring inpatient stay)	66 (77.6)
Number per year
1–50	11 (17.2)
51–100	4 (6.3)
101–150	2 (3.1)
151–200	3 (4.7)
200+	27 (42.2)
Unsure	17 (26.6)

Figure 1. Percentage of participants reporting alignment of health care institution pre- and postsurgical pain practices to recommended practices for preventing and managing chronic postsurgical pain.