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Canadian Journal of Pain
Revue canadienne de la douleur
Volume 7, 2023 - Issue 1
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Review

The Efficacy of Graded Motor Imagery and Its Components on Phantom Limb Pain and Disability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Katleho Limakatsoa School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;b Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, AustraliaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-4415
ORCID Icon,
Aidan G. Cashina School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;b Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, AustraliaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-7912
ORCID Icon,
Sam Williamsa School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;b Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
,
Jack Devonshirea School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;b Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, AustraliaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-9673
ORCID Icon,
Romy Parkerc Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-2487
ORCID Icon &
James H. McAuleya School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;b Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, AustraliaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-828X
ORCID Icon
Article: 2188899 | Received 08 Nov 2022, Accepted 06 Mar 2023, Published online: 17 May 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The PRISMA flowchart.

Figure 1. The PRISMA flowchart.

Table 1. Characteristics of patients in included studies.

Figure 2. Authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item across all included studies.

Figure 2. Authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item across all included studies.

Figure 3. Authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Figure 3. Authors’ judgments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Figure 4. Forest plot for the effects of GMI versus routine care on pain severity at 6 weeks.

Figure 4. Forest plot for the effects of GMI versus routine care on pain severity at 6 weeks.

Figure 5. Forest plot for the effects of GMI versus routine care on pain severity at 6 months.

Figure 5. Forest plot for the effects of GMI versus routine care on pain severity at 6 months.

Table 2. The certainty of the evidence.

Figure 6. Forest plot for the effects of mirror therapy versus covered mirror therapy on pain severity.

Figure 6. Forest plot for the effects of mirror therapy versus covered mirror therapy on pain severity.

Figure 7. Forest plot for the effects of mirror therapy versus control treatments on pain severity.

Figure 7. Forest plot for the effects of mirror therapy versus control treatments on pain severity.

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