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Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
Revue canadienne des soins respiratoires et critiques et de la médecine du sommeil
Volume 6, 2022 - Issue 3
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Original Research

Determinants of asthma-related emergency department return visits in adults: A population-based study

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Pages 153-160 | Published online: 12 Apr 2021
 

Abstract

RATIONALE: Emergency department (ED) return-visit rates provide a measure of the quality of acute asthma care.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the impact of patient and site characteristics, including asthma management strategies, on return visits within 72 hours, prior to implementation of a standardized adult ED asthma care pathway in EDs throughout Ontario, Canada.

METHODS: This population-based cohort study utilized comprehensive administrative health data from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences for adults 20 to 64 years old who had at least one ED visit for asthma from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008. Detailed information on ED management strategies was available on a subset of 37 sites whose staff attended pathway implementation workshops.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 41,140 asthma visits to 167 EDs were analyzed. Most patients (64.8%) were triaged as high acuity and the majority (92.8%) were discharged. The return-visit rate was 2.8%. Female gender, younger age, higher acuity, leaving the ED before visit completion and prior admission or ED visit for asthma were associated with increased odds of a return visit. The only management strategy associated with reduced ED visits was access to 24-hour peak flow measurement.

CONCLUSION: This study identified well-recognized patient- and hospital-level risk factors for return ED visits. Access to peak flow monitoring was the only protective management strategy found. As many ED asthma service and care gaps exist, province-wide implementation of a standardized care pathway may greatly impact ED management and improve patient outcomes including return ED visits.

RÉSUMÉ

JUSTIFICATION: Les taux de retour aux urgences donnent une mesure de la qualité des soins de l'asthme aigu.

OBJECTIFS: Nous avons cherché à évaluer l'impact des caractéristiques du patient et du site, y compris des stratégies de prise en charge de l'asthme, sur les retours dans les 72 heures, avant la mise en place d'un parcours de soins de l'asthme standardisé dans les services d'urgence pour adultes dans tout l'Ontario, au Canada.

MÉTHODES: Cette étude de cohorte populationnelle a utilisé des données administratives complètes sur la santé provenant de l'Institut des sciences cliniques évaluatives pour les adultes de 20 à 64 ans qui ont effectué au moins une visite aux urgences pour l'asthme entre le 1er avril 2006 et le 31 mars 2008. Des informations détaillées sur les stratégies de prise en charge des urgences étaient disponibles pour un sous-ensemble de 37 sites dont le personnel avait participé à des ateliers de mise en place du parcours.

MESURES ET PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS: L'analyse a porté sur 41 140 visites pour asthme dans 167 urgences par des adultes. La plupart des patients (64,8 %) ont fait l'objet d'un triage en fonction de leur degré d'acuité et la majorité (92,8 %) ont obtenu leur congé. Le taux de retour aux urgences était de 2,8 %. Le sexe féminin, l'âge plus jeune, l'acuité plus élevée, le fait de quitter l'urgence avant la fin de la visite et une admission ou une visite à l'urgence préalable pour cause d'asthme étaient associés à une probabilité accrue de retour. La seule stratégie de prise en charge associée à une réduction des visites aux urgences était l'accès à une mesure du débit de pointe sur 24 heures.

CONCLUSION: Cette étude a recensé des facteurs de risque bien reconnus au niveau du patient et de l'hôpital pour les retours aux urgences. L'accès à la mesure du débit de pointe a été la seule stratégie de prise en charge protectrice trouvée. Comme il existe de nombreuses lacunes dans les services et les soins d'urgence pour l'asthme, la mise en oeuvre d'un parcours de soins normalisé à l'échelle provinciale pourrait avoir un impact considérable sur la prise en charge des urgences et améliorer les résultats pour les patients, y compris les retours aux urgences.

Acknowledgments/Funding

This study was funded by the Queen’s University William M. Spear Endowment/Start Memorial Fund. The Government of Ontario funded the Emergency Department Asthma Care Pathway development and province-wide dissemination. This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). The opinions, results and conclusions reported in this paper are those of the authors and are independent from the funding sources. No endorsement by ICES or the Ontario MOHLTC is intended or should be inferred. Parts of this material are based on data and information compiled and provided by CIHI. However, the analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed herein are those of the author, and not necessarily those of CIHI. Assistance provided by Marlo Whitehead was greatly appreciated.

Declaration of interest statement

The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

In the past 3 years, M. Diane Lougheed has received grants outside the submitted work paid directly to Queen’s University from The Lung Association-Ontario, Ontario Thoracic Society, the Government of Ontario’s Innovation Fund, AllerGen NCE, Queen's University, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman LaRoche, Janssen, Novartis, and Astra Zeneca, honoraria from the The Lung Association-Ontario for preparation and review of educational materials, honoraria from AstraZeneca for participation in the Precision Program Advisory Board, and from the Canadian Thoracic Society for co-development and co-presentation of a severe asthma continuing education program.

M. Diane Lougheed and Jennifer Olajos-Clow participated in the development of the EDACP, and design and delivery of the implementation workshops. Carole Madeley was an employee of The Lung Association–Ontario, responsible for the pathway implementation workshops.

Chanel Kwok, Yvonne DeWit, Mona Jabbour and Teresa To have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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