Efficient entrapping of toxic Pb(II) ions from aqueous system on a fixed-bed column of fungal biosorbent

Figures & data

Table 1. Conditions of F-AAS for Pb(II) ions determination.

Parameter	Pb
Wavelength (nm)	217.0
Hollow cathode lamp current (mA)	5.0
Type of flame	Air-C2H2
Background correction	ON
Slit width (nm)	1.0
Acetylene flow rate (L min^−1)	1.5
Air flow rate (L min^−1)	3.0
Flame condition	Oxidizing
Expansion factor	1

Figure 1. Breakthrough curves for different flow rates (initial Pb(II) ion concentration: 10 mg L⁻¹; bed height: 2 cm).

Figure 2. Breakthrough curves for different Pb(II) ion concentration (flow rate: 1 mL min⁻¹; bed height: 2 cm).

Table 2. The Thomas and BDST model parameters for the biosorption of Pb(II) on P. eryngii fungal biomass.

Thomas model parameters
Pb(II) concentration (mg L^−1)	qo (mg g^−1)	kTh (mL m^−1 mg^−1)	R^2
20	2.78	1.42 × 10^−3	0.983
30	3.30	1.39 × 10^−3	0.905
The BDST model parameters
No (mg cm^−3)	Ka (L mg^−1 h^−1) × 10^−3	R^2
0.767	5.385	0.964

Figure 3. (a) Breakthrough curves for different bed height (flow rate: 1 mL min⁻¹; initial Pb(II) ion concentration: 20 mg L⁻¹) and (b) Bed depth service time plot for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by fungal biomass in column.

Table 3. Comparison of Pb(II) ions sorption capacity.

Sorption capacity	Batch mode	Column mode
mg g^−1	2.971	3.30

Table 4. Removal of Pb(II) ions from real water samples via column method.

Samples*	Influent Pb(II) (mg L^−1)	Effluent Pb(II) (mg L^−1)	Total Pb(II) removal (%)
Industrial Area, Kotri	0.146 ± 0.005	0.018 ± 0.0026	87.67 ± 1.79
Phuleli Canal, Hyderabad	0.063 ± 0.0026	0.0049 ± 0.0015	92.22 ± 1.97

Number of replicates *n = 3