Sedimentology and compositional characteristics of siliciclastic and associated sediments in Ruvu basin: implication on paleo-depositional environment, provenance, and tectonic setting

Figures & data

Figure 1. Geological map of Ruvu basin (modified after Kent, 1954).

Table 1. Trace elements and rare earth elements (REE).

Sample ID	Ba	Co	Cr	Rb	Sr	Ta	Ti	Th	Ti	U	V	Y	Zr	La	Pt	Nd	Eu	Yb	Lu	Lu
S1	279	18.9	138	79.2	278	0.7	4300	6.6	0.45	2.9	113	24.3	93	31	7.8	28.5	1.44	3.1	0.4	0.49
S2	362	17.5	102	112	242	0.1	5500	10.9	0.59	3.2	129	26	107	45	10.9	38.6	1.74	1.9	0.3	0.35
S3	34	36	63	82.8	299	0.6	4000	8.2	0.46	2.1	89	20.4	76	29	7.4	27.9	1.26	1.8	0.3	0.42
S4	267	16.9	85	99.7	186	1.6	6100	11.3	0.45	2.8	145	26.1	99	41	10.3	38.8	1.71	2.5	0.4	0.53
S5	425	12.9	73	96.7	211	0.1	3500	10.4	0.47	2.2	89	14.3	89	32	6.9	25.6	1	1.5	0.2	0.36
S6	615	8.4	83	84.9	139	0.1	2600	9.1	0.4	2	57	22.6	107	32	9.7	38.8	1.93	2	0.3	0.39
S7	343	12.2	103	91.1	957	0.4	4100	12	0.6	2.9	93	12.5	59	26	6.6	24.6	0.92	1.6	0.2	0.24
S8	247	22	100	76.3	579	0.1	3700	13.2	0.66	1.9	93	10	47	19	5.1	19	0.69	1.3	0.2	0.21
S9	305	11.2	85	75.5	844	0.7	3700	11.2	0.57	2.5	95	12.9	56	26	6.7	24.7	0.94	1.5	0.2	0.27
S10	337	17.1	89	98.9	567	0.1	3600	10.8	0.6	2.2	89	12	60	29	7.2	26.2	0.92	1.3	0.2	0.1
S11	800	12.7	79	94	445	0.1	3100	9.6	0.46	2	69	14.5	94	32	7.6	27.8	1.05	2	0.2	0.38
S12	432	18.2	85	97.5	336	0.1	2400	12.6	0.57	2.8	69	15.7	71	36	8.3	29.7	1.1	1.9	0.2	0.27
S13	460	15.4	95	106	686	0.2	4100	13.1	0.55	2	97	11.4	56	27	6.5	23	0.82	2.3	0.2	0.35
S14	445	17.4	124	118	460	0.1	1900	12	0.58	2.1	67	18.5	52	36	8.5	31	1.21	2.4	0.3	0.5
S15	472	14.7	72	106	910	0.1	3300	13.7	0.51	2.6	88	15.9	52	39	9.2	32.5	1.12	1.7	0.2	0.41
S16	385	11.8	104	105	467	0.1	3800	14.7	0.55	2	106	15.4	53	32	7.6	27.7	1.04	2.6	0.3	0.31
S17	446	22.9	158	122	246	0.1	2800	16	0.65	2.1	74	17.6	68	45	10.4	37.1	1.27	2.8	0.3	0.44
S18	254	11.6	100	75.9	355	0.5	3300	10.4	0.37	2.2	73	31.1	38	41	9.8	36.9	1.66	3.8	0.4	0.46
S19	458	16.7	130	122	392	0.1	3200	14.3	0.52	2.8	79	18.8	69	39	8.9	32	1.19	3.6	0.3	0.52
S20	321	14.6	135	58	527	0.8	3600	10.1	0.46	2.2	86	14.9	85	22	6	22.9	0.94	2.3	0.3	0.46
S21	437	18.3	113	125	331	0.5	4800	16	0.57	2.4	112	17.9	78	40	9.4	33.1	1.24	3.9	0.3	0.47
S22	275	20.9	132	111	122	0.2	5200	12.9	0.54	1.9	106	16.2	59	39	8.9	31.7	1.17	1.4	0.3	0.55
S23	309	17.3	113	92.1	610	0.1	2100	8.5	0.47	1.7	61	18	72	31	7.2	26.3	1.06	2.5	0.3	0.47
S24	371	22.3	143	105	444	0.1	2800	10.1	0.53	2.1	79	17	69	31	7.4	26.6	1.03	1.9	0.2	0.19
S25	280	17.9	117	86.6	713	0.1	1600	9.1	0.54	2.2	63	12.8	67	26	6.1	22.2	0.85	1.5	0.2	0.05
S26	306	18.8	145	89	486	0.1	1300	7.6	0.48	2	49	13.2	58	28	6.5	23.4	0.9	2.1	0.2	0.14
S27	282	25	113	89.9	723	0.1	1600	10.1	0.46	2	47	14.3	62	29	6.7	23.9	0.91	1.5	0.2	0.41
S28	437	15.7	138	105	427	0.2	3200	12.1	0.49	2.1	78	15.1	108	31	7.3	26.3	1.01	2	0.2	0.22

Table 2. Ratios of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE).

Sample ID	Zr/Ti	Nb/Y	Nb/Yb	Th/ Yb	La/Th	Zr/Rb	(Zr +Rb)/Sr	Zr/Cr	Ti/Zr	Y/Ni	Cr/Ni	Ta/Yb	Ba/Co	Sr/Ba	Rb/K	V/Cr	Ni/Co	Zr/Ti
S1	0.7	0.8	3.5	2.1	4.7	1.2	0.62	0.67	0.005	0.52	2.9	0.23	14.8	1	0.0048	0.8	2.49	0.022
S2	1.2	0.9	3.5	5.7	4.2	1	0.9	1.05	0.006	0.49	1.9	0.05	20.7	0.67	0.006	1.3	3.04	0.019
S3	1.1	0.7	4.9	4.6	4.3	0.9	0.53	1.21	0.006	0.29	0.9	0.33	0.94	8.79	0.0041	1.4	1.97	0.019
S4	1	0.8	5.2	4.5	4	1	1.07	1.16	0.005	0.57	1.9	0.64	15.8	0.7	0.0051	1.7	2.72	0.016
S5	1	0.6	0.5	6.9	3.4	0.9	0.88	1.22	0.005	0.47	2.4	0.07	33	0.5	0.0043	1.2	2.36	0.025
S6	1	0.8	0.1	4.6	4.2	1.3	1.38	1.29	0.004	0.92	3.4	0.05	73.2	0.23	0.0037	0.7	2.92	0.041
S7	0.8	0.8	4.9	7.5	3.5	0.6	0.16	0.57	0.01	0.23	1.9	0.25	28.1	2.79	0.0043	0.9	4.43	0.014
S8	0.8	1	1.7	10.2	3.2	0.6	0.21	0.47	0.014	0.15	1.5	0.08	11.2	2.34	0.0034	0.9	3.05	0.013
S9	0.9	0.7	6.3	7.5	3.4	0.7	0.16	0.66	0.01	0.28	1.9	0.47	27.2	2.77	0.0036	1.1	4.08	0.015
S10	0.9	2	1.4	8.3	3.6	0.6	0.28	0.67	0.01	0.24	1.8	0.08	19.7	1.68	0.0047	1	2.91	0.017
S11	0.7	0.5	0.3	4.8	3.6	1	0.42	1.19	0.005	0.43	2.4	0.05	63	0.56	0.0041	0.9	2.65	0.03
S12	0.7	0.7	0.2	6.6	3.3	0.7	0.5	0.84	0.008	0.36	2	0.05	23.7	0.78	0.0045	0.8	2.38	0.03
S13	0.6	0.6	3.4	5.7	3.3	0.5	0.24	0.59	0.01	0.26	2.2	0.09	29.9	1.49	0.0048	1	2.86	0.014
S14	0.8	0.6	0.1	5	4.3	0.4	0.37	0.42	0.011	0.35	2.4	0.04	25.6	1.03	0.0046	0.5	3.02	0.027
S15	0.9	0.5	1.6	8.1	3.2	0.5	0.17	0.72	0.01	0.37	1.7	0.06	32.1	1.93	0.0055	1.2	2.89	0.016
S16	0.6	1	1.2	5.7	3.7	0.5	0.34	0.51	0.01	0.32	2.1	0.04	32.6	1.21	0.0052	1	4.14	0.014
S17	0.6	0.7	0.1	5.7	3.5	0.6	0.77	0.43	0.01	0.28	2.5	0.04	19.5	0.55	0.006	0.5	2.72	0.024
S18	0.6	0.9	2	2.7	4.5	0.5	0.32	0.38	0.01	0.83	2.7	0.13	21.9	1.4	0.0063	0.7	3.22	0.012
S19	0.5	0.6	0.1	4	3.5	0.6	0.49	0.53	0.008	0.41	2.8	0.03	27.4	0.86	0.0058	0.6	2.74	0.022
S20	0.7	0.7	4.3	4.4	4.5	1.5	0.27	0.63	0.005	0.4	3.6	0.35	22	1.64	0.0032	0.6	2.54	0.024
S24	0.8	1.1	0.7	5.3	4.1	0.7	0.39	0.48	0.008	0.29	2.5	0.05	16.6	1.2	0.0044	0.6	2.6	0.025
S25	0.9	4	0.3	6.1	3.7	0.8	0.22	0.57	0.008	0.25	2.2	0.07	15.6	2.55	0.0045	0.5	2.92	0.042
S26	0.6	1.4	0.1	3.6	4.2	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.008	0.25	2.8	0.05	16.3	1.59	0.0045	0.3	2.78	0.045
S27	0.9	0.5	0.7	6.7	3.6	0.7	0.21	0.55	0.007	0.29	2.3	0.07	11.3	2.56	0.0048	0.4	1.94	0.039
S28	0.8	0.9	1.2	6.1	3.5	1	0.5	0.78	0.005	0.31	2.8	0.1	27.8	0.98	0.0042	0.6	3.09	0.034
AVE.	0.8	0.9	2	5.7	3.8	0.8	0.5	0.71	0.01	0.38	2.3	0.13	24.5	1.61	0.0047	0.9	2.9	0.021

Figure 2. Msata formation. a) Matrix-supported conglomerate with clastic, granitic gneiss (black circle), mudstone (black arrow), precipitated calcite (red arrow) and pebble imbrications (black circle). b) Clast supported conglomerate with clastic, granitic gneiss (blue arrows), fossils fragments; brachiopods (black arrows) and gastropods (red arrow). c) Bioclastic matrix-supported conglomerate, it is highly weathered. d) Massive calcareous sandstone; brachiopods fragment (black circle). e) Fossiliferous calcareous sandstone with different fossils fragments like shells of brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods. f) Planar bedded calcareous sandstone.

Figure 3. Msata formation. (a) convolute calcareous sandstone, (b) calcareous nodules, (c) fine stratified calcareous sandstone, and (d) finely laminated shale (black arrows) interbedded with sandstone/siltstone (red arrows).

Figure 4. Stratigraphic section of the Msata succession showing features, facies association and depositional environment adapted from Kabohola (2017).

Figure 5. Synthesized lithostratigraphy of the basin.

Figure 6. Average chondrite-normalized REE values for the siliciclastic sediments of the Ruvu basin. Chondrite values adapted from McLennan et al. (1980).

Figure 7. Distribution of (Zr + Rb)/Sr ratio versus samples.

Figure 8. V/Cr against elemental index plot.

Figure 9. Tectonic setting discriminant factor plot of the Karoo sandstone.

Figure 10. Tectonic setting discriminant of mid-Jurassic to Cretaceous sediments.

Kent, P. E. (1954). Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks of the Bagamoyo District (D’Arcy Exploration Company Report Geology). Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC).

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