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Research Article

Assessment of floristic diversity and community characteristics of Gulmarg Wildlife sanctuary, Kashmir Himalaya

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Received 17 Jan 2023, Accepted 25 Mar 2023, Published online: 03 Apr 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location map and elevation range of GWLS.

Figure 1. Location map and elevation range of GWLS.

Figure 2. Different types of habitats in the Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Figure 2. Different types of habitats in the Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Table 1. Taxonomic description of floristic diversity of GWLS, Kashmir Himalaya.

Figure 3. Plant communities identified in the forest zone of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Figure 3. Plant communities identified in the forest zone of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Figure 4. Identified plant communities in the alpine zone of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Figure 4. Identified plant communities in the alpine zone of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary.

Table 2. Community types, distribution, and major associates in GWLS, Kashmir Himalaya.

Table 3. Community wise species diversity (Hʹ) of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in GWLS, Kashmir Himalaya.

Table 4. Community wise concentration of dominance (Cd) of trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbs in GWLS, Kashmir Himalaya.

Figure 5. Correlation between tree density and basal area.

Figure 5. Correlation between tree density and basal area.

Figure 6. Forest communities having highest regeneration of the dominant plant species (A) Pinus wallichiana community; (B) Abies pindrow-Picea smithiana mixed community.

Abbreviations used: AA = Ailanthus altissima; AC = Acer caesium; AI = Aesculus indica; AP = Abies pindrow; CA = Celtis australis; CC = Corylus colurna; CD = Cedrus deodara; JR = Juglans regia; PS = Picea smithiana; PW = Pinus wallichiana; Pci = Populus ciliata; PC = Prunus cornuta; QL = Quercus leucotrichophora; RP = Robinia pseudoacacia; SA = Salix alba; TW = Taxus wallichiana
Figure 6. Forest communities having highest regeneration of the dominant plant species (A) Pinus wallichiana community; (B) Abies pindrow-Picea smithiana mixed community.

Figure 7. Forest communities having sufficient regeneration of dominant species but highest regeneration in co-dominant plant species(a) Abies pindrow community; (B) Abies pindrow-Pinus wallichiana mixed community (C) Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus deodara mixed community (D) Aesculus indica-Pinus wallichiana mixed community (E) Aesculus indica-Taxus wallichiana mixed community (F) Taxus wallichiana-Prunus cornuta-Aesculus indica mixed community.

Abbreviations used: AA = Ailanthus altissima; AC = Acer caesium; AI = Aesculus indica; AP = Abies pindrow; CD = Cedrus deodara; JR = Juglans regia; MN = Morus nigra; PC =Prunus cornuta; PO = Platanus orientalis; PS = Picea smithiana; PW = Pinus wallichiana; QL = Quercus leucotrichophora; QR = Quercus robur; SA = Salix alba; SB = Salix babylonica; TW= Taxus wallichiana; UW= Ulmus wallichiana
Figure 7. Forest communities having sufficient regeneration of dominant species but highest regeneration in co-dominant plant species(a) Abies pindrow community; (B) Abies pindrow-Pinus wallichiana mixed community (C) Pinus wallichiana-Cedrus deodara mixed community (D) Aesculus indica-Pinus wallichiana mixed community (E) Aesculus indica-Taxus wallichiana mixed community (F) Taxus wallichiana-Prunus cornuta-Aesculus indica mixed community.

Figure 8. Forest communities having poor or no regeneration of dominant species.

Abbreviations used: AP = Abies pindrow; AC = Acer caesium; CD = Cedrus deodara; PW = Pinus wallichiana; TW = Taxus wallichiana; PC = Prunus cornuta; PS = Picea smithiana; BU = Betula utilis
Figure 8. Forest communities having poor or no regeneration of dominant species.