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Articles

Are there autochthonous Ferrissia (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in the Palaearctic? Molecular evidence of a widespread North American invasion of the Old World

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Pages 411-419 | Received 18 Apr 2017, Accepted 27 Jun 2017, Published online: 01 Aug 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the sampling sites of Ferrissia spp. for which mtDNA data are available.

Figure 1. Map of the sampling sites of Ferrissia spp. for which mtDNA data are available.

Figure 2. Bayesian phylogram (95% majority rule consensus tree) of the focal Ferrissia spp. using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) dataset. Ferrissia rivularis and Pettancylus sp. were used as outgroups. Node statistical support is reported as nodal posterior probabilities (Bayesian Inference of phylogeny, BI) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood, ML). Asterisks indicate a bootstrap support value lower than 50. •: Novel sequences.

Figure 2. Bayesian phylogram (95% majority rule consensus tree) of the focal Ferrissia spp. using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) dataset. Ferrissia rivularis and Pettancylus sp. were used as outgroups. Node statistical support is reported as nodal posterior probabilities (Bayesian Inference of phylogeny, BI) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood, ML). Asterisks indicate a bootstrap support value lower than 50. •: Novel sequences.

Figure 3. Bayesian phylogram (95% majority rule consensus tree) of the focal Ferrissia spp. using the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA) dataset. Ferrissia rivularis and Pettancylus sp. were used as outgroups. Node statistical support is reported as nodal posterior probabilities (Bayesian Inference of phylogeny, BI) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood, ML). Asterisks indicate a bootstrap support value lower than 50. •: Novel sequences.

Figure 3. Bayesian phylogram (95% majority rule consensus tree) of the focal Ferrissia spp. using the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA) dataset. Ferrissia rivularis and Pettancylus sp. were used as outgroups. Node statistical support is reported as nodal posterior probabilities (Bayesian Inference of phylogeny, BI) and bootstrap values (Maximum Likelihood, ML). Asterisks indicate a bootstrap support value lower than 50. •: Novel sequences.

Figure 4. Median-joining haplotype network based on a fragment of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 (COI). Dashes indicate substitution steps.

Figure 4. Median-joining haplotype network based on a fragment of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 (COI). Dashes indicate substitution steps.

Table I. Nucleotide diversity (Pi) and haplotype diversity (Hd) of the “autochthonous” and “allochthonous” Ferrissia groups based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) and 16S ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA) gene fragments.

Table II. AMOVA FST results based on 578-bp-long fragments of the mtDNA COI gene. “Va” is the variance among groups, “Vb” is the variance among populations within groups.

Figure 5. Result of the mismatch distribution analysis based on a fragment of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 (COI). The dotted line represents the observed frequency distribution of pairwise differences; the curve represents the expected ones.

Figure 5. Result of the mismatch distribution analysis based on a fragment of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 (COI). The dotted line represents the observed frequency distribution of pairwise differences; the curve represents the expected ones.
Supplemental material

Supplemental TableS1

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