Cosmopolitism, rareness and endemism in deep-sea marine nematodes

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sampling areas along the European margins. Overall, 246 sites (depth range: 200–4700 m) were sampled along 12 open slopes, nine canyons (Whittard, Cascais, Nazarè, Cap de Creus/Sete, Lacaze-Duthiers, two in the South Adriatic and one in Cretan margin) and one deep-water coral bank.

Figure 2. List of all nematode families identified in (a) the Atlantic Ocean and (b) the Mediterranean Sea. The number of genera belonging to each family is also reported.

Table I. Output of the PERMANOVA analysis carried out to test for differences in nematode genus composition among regions and habitats (df = degrees of freedom; MS = mean square; Pseudo-F = F statistic; P(MC) = probability level); *** = P < .001; * = P < .05. ns: not significant. N Atl (North Atlantic including Rockall bank and Celtic margin), C Atl (central Atlantic: Portuguese margin), W Med (western Mediterranean: Catalan margin), C Med (central Mediterranean: South Adriatic margin) and E Med (eastern Mediterranean: Cretan margin)

							Region × Habitat
	Source	df	MS	F	P	Region	Slope	Canyon	Corals	N Atl	C Atl	W Med	C Med	E Med
500 m	Region	3	9560.8	6.76	***
	Habitat	2	6681.7	4.73	***
	Region × Habitat	1	5715.7	4.04	***		NAtl ≠ CAtl ≠ WMed ≠ CMed	CAtl ≠ WMed ≠ CMed		Slope ≠ corals		Slope ≠ canyon
	Residuals	71	1413.5
	Total	77
1000 m	Region	4	9968.6	5.36	***		NAtl ≠ WMed ≠ CMed ≠ EMed	NAtl ≠ CAtl ≠ WMed; CMed; EMed		Slope ≠ canyon		Slope ≠ canyon		Slope ≠ canyon
	Habitat	1	3177.3	1.71	*
	Region × Habitat	3	3884.3	2.09	***
	Residuals	72	1859.0
	Total	80
2000 m	Region	3	8686.9	4.49	***
	Habitat	1	3130.1	1.62	ns
	Region × Habitat	2	3446.2	1.78	*		NAtl ≠ WMed ≠ EMed	NAtl ≠ CAtl ≠ WMed ≠ EMed
	Residuals	44	1936.8
	Total	50
3000 m	Region	2	9931.1	6.33	***	NAtl ≠ CAtl ≠ EMed
	Residuals	18	1569.7
	Total	20
4000 m	Region	2	6167.2	6.33	***	NAtl ≠ CAtl ≠ EMed
	Residuals	12	974.72
	Total	14

Figure 3. Multidimensional scaling analysis carried out on the genus composition of nematodes collected in the six European margins and different habitats (slope, canyon and deep-water corals) at different depth intervals: 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and >4000 m.

Figure 4. Nematode diversity in different habitats and within regions at different depths. The expected genus number [EG(100)] is reported.

Table II. Turnover diversity among nematode assemblages’ composition in different habitats within the same region and between regions within slope and canyon. The turnover diversity was obtained from the SIMPER analysis

500 m
Region	Habitat		Turnover diversity (%)
Rockall Bank	Slope	deep-water corals	66
Catalan margin	Slope	Canyon	63
South Adriatic margin	Slope	Canyon	58
Habitat	Region
Slope	Rockall Bank	South Adriatic margin	75
	Rockall Bank	Catalan margin	78
	Catalan margin	South Adriatic margin	63
Canyon	Portuguese margin	Catalan margin	69
	Portuguese margin	South Adriatic margin	58
	Catalan margin	South Adriatic margin	67
1000 m
Region	Habitat		Turnover diversity
Bay of Biscay	Slope	Canyon	67
Catalan margin	Slope	Canyon	61
South Adriatic margin	Slope	Canyon	48
Cretan margin	Slope	Canyon	49
Habitat	Region
Slope	Rockall Bank	Bay of Biscay slope	67
	Rockall Bank	Catalan margin	67
	Rockall Bank	South Adriatic margin	73
	Rockall Bank	Cretan margin	73
	Bay of Biscay	Catalan margin	67
	Bay of Biscay	South Adriatic margin	73
	Bay of Biscay	Cretan margin	66
	Catalan margin	South Adriatic margin	58
	Catalan margin	Cretan margin	59
	South Adriatic margin	Cretan margin	57
Canyon	Bay of Biscay	Portuguese margin	73
	Bay of Biscay	Catalan margin	76
	Bay of Biscay	South Adriatic margin	67
	Bay of Biscay	Cretan margin	75
	Portuguese margin	Catalan margin	74
	Portuguese margin	South Adriatic margin	69
	Portuguese margin	Cretan margin	71
	Catalan margin	South Adriatic margin	48
	Catalan margin	Cretan margin	65
	South Adriatic margin	Cretan margin	47
2000 m
Region	Habitat
Bay of Biscay	Slope	Canyon	62
Catalan margin	Slope	Canyon	62
Cretan margin	Slope	Canyon	55
Habitat	Region
Slope	Rockall Bank	Bay of Biscay slope	67
	Rockall Bank	Catalan margin	66
	Rockall Bank	Cretan margin	85
	Bay of Biscay	Catalan margin	66
	Bay of Biscay	Cretan margin	85
	Catalan margin	Cretan margin	79
Canyon	Bay of Biscay	Portuguese margin	70
	Bay of Biscay	Catalan margin	74
	Bay of Biscay	Cretan margin	74
	Portuguese margin	Catalan margin	68
	Portuguese margin	Cretan margin	69
	Catalan margin	Cretan margin	67
3000 m
Region	Habitat
Bay of Biscay	Slope	Canyon	59
Habitat	Region
Canyon	Bay of Biscay	Portuguese margin	71
	Bay of Biscay	Cretan margin	89
	Portuguese margin	Cretan margin	82
4000 m
Habitat	Region
	Portuguese margin	Cretan margin	65

Figure 5. Shade plots based on the nematode genus composition at different depth intervals: 500, 1000 and 2000 m. Colours indicate genus abundance as reported in the legend.

Figure 6. Shade plots based on the nematode genus composition at different depth intervals: 3000 and >4000 m. Colours indicate genus abundance as reported in the legend.