Population structure and parasite fauna of stone moroko, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) in a watercourse of the Oder catchment area (‘Central Plains’ European Ecoregion)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location of the research site in the Wardynka River (GPS: 53°08ʹ47.0”N, 15°34ʹ00.8”E).

Table I. Hydrochemical parameters of the Wardynka River at the site of the catches.

Month	Males (M)	Females (F)	Juveniles (age 0+)^1	Sex ratio (M:F)	χ^2	p^2
January	14	8	15	1:0.57	2.45	*
February	43	13	-	1:0.30	24.11	****
March	20	10	-	1:0.50	5.00	*
April	16	14	-	1:0.88	0.20	*
May	54	43	2	1:0.80	1.87	*
June	57	46	3	1:0.81	1.76	*
July	38	15	21	1:0.39	14.97	****
August	48	21	-	1:0.44	15.85	****
September	45	38	13	1:0.84	0.89	*
October	12	13	5	1:1.08	0.06	*
November	13	12	1	1:0.92	0.06	*
December	21	9	-	1:0.43	7.20	**

¹undetermined sex

²*ns, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001

Table II. Mean (± SD) total length (TL), standard length (SL) (in cm), and body weight (in g) of male, female and juvenile stone moroko individuals in the Wardynka River.

Group	Total length (TL)	Standard length (SL)	Weight (g)
Females	5.71±1.57	4.75±1.33	2.02±1.84
Males	6.76±1.19	5.64±1.56	3.32±2.73
Juveniles*	5.01±2.07	4.17±1.73	1.88±2.56

*undetermined sex

Figure 2. Standard length (SL, cm) (A) and individual body weight (W, g) of stone moroko caught in individual months. Values marked with different letters (a, b) indicate statistically significant differences between females (○) and males (∆) in a given month (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05); mean ± SD.

Figure 3. Age structure of male and female stone moroko fish from the Wardynka River.

Figure 4. Percentage share of age groups in each month of the year in stone moroko from the Wardynka River.

Table III. Estimation of von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) parameters for stone moroko in the Wardynka River.

Parameter	Total				Males				Females
	Mean	Std. error	T value	p	Mean	Std. error	T value	p	Mean	Std. error	T value	p
Linf K To	9.3872 0.3331 −0.5812	0.252 0.019 0.041	37.19 16.72 −14.00	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	9.5254 0.3245 −0.5904	0.272 0.020 0.043	35.04 15.95 −13.63	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001	8.6948 0.3725 −0.5396	0.453 0.045 0.084	19.195 8.258 −6.416	<0.001 <0.001 <0.001
n φ max SLobs Lifespan Taylors (%)	683* 3.467 8.658 5 92.23				381 3.469 8.701 5 91.34				242 3.449 7.812 5 89.85

Figure 5. Monthly fluctuations in the condition factor (CF) values of stone moroko from the Wardynka River. Values marked with different letters (a,b) indicate statistically significant differences in CF between females (○) and males (∆) in a given month (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05); mean ± SD.

Table IV. Parameters of the length–weight relationship (LogW = a + b logTL) of stone moroko from the Wardynka River.

	a	b	R	p
Whole sample	−2.2679	3.2335	0.9800	< 0.001
Females	−2.2776	3.2547	0.9804	< 0.001
Males	−2.3127	3.2835	0.9802	< 0.001
Juveniles	−2.2377	3.2293	0.9798	< 0.001

Table V. Parasites of stone moroko from the Wardynka River (2019–2020).

	Spring (Apr–May) n = 33				Summer (Jun–Aug) n = 50				Autumn (Sep–Oct) n = 41
Parasite	N	P [%]	MI (R)	MA	N	P [%]	MI (R)	MA	N	P [%]	MI (R)	MA	Infection site
Trichodinella sp.	1	3.03	1.00 (-)	0.03	0	0.00	-	-	0	0.00	-	-	nasal cavity
Dactylogyrus squameus Gussev, 1955	1	3.03	1.00 (-)	0.03	2	4.00	1.00 (1–1)	0.04	4	9.76	2.25 (1–5)	0.22	gills
Phyllodistomum elongatum Nybelin, 1926	0	0.00	-	-	2	4.00	2.00 (1–3)	0.08	1	2.44	5.00 (-)	0.12	ureters
Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816)	1	3.03	2.00 (-)	0.06	0	0.00	-		0	0.00	-	-	ureters
Posthodiplostomum cuticola (von Nordmann, 1832), metacercaria	1	3.03	1.00 (-)	0.03	0	0.00	-	-	0	0.00	-	-	coelom
Digenea gen. sp., metacercaria	0	0.00	-	-	1	2.00	1.00 (-)	0.02	0	0.00	-	-	gills
Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) tomentosa Dujardin, 1845) Moravec, 1987	12	36.36	1.83 (1–5)	0.67	16	32.00	3.25 (1–11)**	1.04	19	46.34	1.74 (1–4)**	0.80	intestine
Anisakidae gen. sp., larvae	1	3.03	30.00 (-)	0.91	0	0.00	-	-	3	7.32	4.00 (1–10)	0.29	intestinal wall
Unionidae gen. sp. (glochidia)	6	18.18*	2.00 (1–4)	0.36	13	26.00**	3.54 (1–12)	0.92	0	0.00*^,**	-	-	gills
Total:	21	63.64	3.29 (1–30)	2.09	29	58.00	3.62 (1–21)	2.10	23	56.10	2.57 (1–10)	1.44

N, number of infected stone moroko; n, number of examined stone moroko; P, prevalence; MI (R), mean intensity (range); MA, mean abundance *statistically significant differences between spring and autumn at p ≤ 0.05; ** statistically significant differences between summer and autumn at p ≤ 0.05

Figure 6. Mean results for standard length (SL) and weight (W) of stone moroko (topmouth gudgeon) inhabiting various types of inland water bodies according to literature data (Kapusta et al. 2008; Carosi et al. 2016; Benzer & Benzer 2020; Piria et al. 2020; Davies & Britton 2021; Baek et al. 2022).

Table VI. Comparison of growth (in mm) characters of stone moroko in native and non-native areas.

Region	Native/Non-native area	n	Sex	Max age	Growth parameters			References
					$L_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{f}}$	K	to
Baiyangdian Lake	Native	51	♀♂	3+	64.82	1.142	0.250	Han and Li (1995)
Nanwan Lake	Native	532	♀ ♂	3+ 3+	107.01 145.25	0.246 0.181	−0.76 –0.66	Li et al. (2017)
Ushize River	Native	1927	♀♂	1+	49.71	0.97	−0.60	Onikura and Nakajima (2013)
“Top pond”, England	Non-native	163	♀ ♂	4+ 4+	70.50 72.70	0.51 0.77	-- --	Britton et al. (2007)
“Bottom pond”, England	Non-native	149	♀ ♂	2+ 2+	79.6 80.9	0.81 0.77	-- --
Sur pond	Non-native	143	♀ ♂	4+ 4+	59.35 49.82	0.210 0.212	−1.071 –1.646	Záhorská et al. (2010)
Chabalang Wetland	Native	256	♀ ♂	5+ 5+	112.19 123.12	0.179 0.150	−0.801 –0.713	Ding et al. (2019)
Mogan Lake	Non-native	-	♀ ♂	-- --	100.64 107.64	0.375 0.316	−0.57 –0.74	Benzer et al. (2016)
Wardynka River	Non-native	683	♀ ♂	5+ 5+	86.95 95.25	0.3725 0.3245	−0.5396 –0.5904	Our own data

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