Differential effects of clozapine and risperidone on facial emotion recognition ability in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical features of participants.

	Clozapine n = 12	Risperidone n = 7	p
^aAge (years, median (min–max))	33.50 (22.00–60.00)	34.00 (28.00–45.00)	.197
^bGender (Male/Female)	5/7	5/2	.210
^bEducation
Primary	4	4	.27
Middle	1	0
High	1	2
University	6	1
^bMarried/Single	3/9	3/4	.419
^aChlorpromazine Equivalent Dose (mg/day) (median (min–max))	600.00 (200.00–900.00)	800.00 (10.00–800.00)	.403
^aPANSS Score (median (min–max))	72.50 (59.00–107.00)	77.00 (68.00–100.00)	.397
• Positive symptom scale	20.00 (11.00–31.00)	23.00 (15.00–26.00)	.521
• Negative symptom scale	18.00 (10.00–31.00)	18.00 (11.00–26.00)	.610
• General psychopathology scale	36.00 (26.00–50.00)	40.00 (26.00–51.00)	.672
^aThe Calgary Depression Scale (median (min–max))	1.50 (0.00–12.00)	1.00 (0.00–17.00)	.897
^aFROGS (median (min–max))	46.00 (32.00–69.00)	46.00 (38.00–68.00)	.800

Note: FROGS: Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale.

^aMann Whitney U test.

^bChi-square test.

Table 2. The comparison of accuracy rate of FER ability and response time between initial and post clozapine treatment.

Facial emotions	Clozapine n = 12	Accuracy rate median (min–max)	p	Response time median (min–max)	p
Happiness	Initial	7.00 (6.00–7.00)	.317	1.50 (0.48–6.03)	.117
	Post treatment	7.00 (5.00–7.00)		1.11 (0.27–5.58)
Sadness	Initial	6.00 (1.00–7.00)	.675	2.99 (0.80–7.93)	.099
	Post treatment	5.50 (1.00–7.00)		2.88 (0.34–6.74)
Fearful	Initial	3.00 (0.00–5.00)	.500	2.99 (1.00–9.20)	.875
	Post treatment	3.00 (0.00–7.00)		2.98 (0.46–6.96)
Disgusted	Initial	5.50 (0.00–7.00)	.095	3.80 (0.58–9.01)	.028*
	Post treatment	2.50 (0.00–7.00)		2.34 (0.30–5.70)
Angry	Initial	6.00 (1.00–7.00)	.566	3.37 (1.41–5.67)	.308
	Post treatment	6.00 (1.00–7.00)		2.42 (0.38–7.28)
Surprised	Initial	5.00 (1.00–6.00)	.065	2.59 (0.89–5.63)	.136
	Post treatment	6.00 (2.00–7.00)		1.94 (0.34–7.94)
Neutral	Initial	6.00 (4.00–7.00)	.112	2.41 (0.58–8.84)	.019*
	Post treatment	7.00 (4.00–7.00)		1.71 (0.36–4.81)

Note: Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.

*p < .05.

Table 3. The comparison of accuracy rate of FER ability and response time between initial and post risperidone treatment.

Facial emotions	Risperidone n = 7	Accuracy rate median (min–max)	p	Response time median (min–max)	p
Happiness	Initial	7.00 (3.00–7.00)	.317	1.30 (0.42–5.18)	.028*
	Post treatment	7.00 (6.00–7.00)		0.71 (0.14–1.18)
Sadness	Initial	4.00 (1.00–7.00)	.269	2.76 (1.32–8.43)	.099
	Post treatment	6.00 (1.00–7.00)		1.82 (0.95–4.04)
Fearful	Initial	3.00 (0.00–4.00)	.336	2.89 (1.40–5.00)	.310
	Post treatment	2.00 (0.00–6.00)		1.15 (0.65–65.41)
Disgusted	Initial	3.00 (0.00–6.00)	.043*	2.64 (1.06–14.42)	.612
	Post treatment	0.00 (0.00–3.00)		1.82 (1.10–13.00)
Angry	Initial	5.00 (0.00–7.00)	.888	2.59 (1.16–12.26)	.028*
	Post treatment	4.00 (1.00–7.00)		2.35 (0.42–6.95)
Surprised	Initial	6.00 (4.00–6.00)	.334	2.62 (0.95–6.09)	.018*
	Post treatment	6.00 (2.00–7.00)		0.92 (0.34–2.15)
Neutral	Initial	5.00 (1.00–7.00)	.705	1.98 (0.48–14.31)	.018*
	Post treatment	6.00 (1.00–7.00)		0.88 (0.18–4.07)

Note: Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.

*p < .05.