Serum peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma levels in acute phase of male patients with schizophrenia and their relationship with metabolic parameters

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics and clinical features of study patients.

n = 45	Mean ± SD	Min–max
Age	34.62 ± 9.37 years	19–57
Disease duration	9.04 ± 7.2 years	1–25
Age of onset	25.75 ± 8.8	13–57
First treatment age	26.84 ± 9.01	13–58
Total hospitalization	4.33 ± 4.51	1–19
PANSS	95.2 ± 17.97	51–131
BPRS	34.8 ± 10.1	14–59

Note: SD: Standard Deviation

Table 2. PPARγ, MetS parameters, and other biochemical and hematological parameter levels of patient and control groups.

	Patient (n = 45)	Control (n = 39)	p
PPARγ (ng/ml)^a	1.42 ± 0.64 0.12 ± 0.13n	1.59 ± 1.10 0.15 ± 0.18n	.473
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)^a	85 (78–91)	84 (82–89)	.679
High density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	41.36 ± 9.03	46.88 ± 13.84	.044*
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	93.50 (76.25–165.25)	104 (83–187)	.462
Waist circumference (cm)	92.73 ± 12.22	94.51 ± 7.79	.427
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)^a	120 (110–120)	110 (100–110)	<.001**
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)^a	70 (70–80)	70 (60–70)	.019*
Leukocyte (µL)	8.71 ± 2.33	7.18 ± 1.62	.001**
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.66 ± 1.46	15.08 ± 1.05	.141
Hematocrit (%)	44.24 ± 3.92	45.07 ± 2.97	.279
Platelet (µL)	250.32 ± 79.40	233.31 ± 41.46	.219
Sodium (mmol/L)	140.80 ± 2.02	141.97 ± 3.04	.052
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.26 ± 0.37	4.42 ± 0.29	.040*
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.28 ± 0.46	9.82 ± 0.27	<.001**
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.30 ± 0.32	4.61 ± 0.24	<.001**
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	178.14 ± 51.45	192.97 ± 33.59	.125
Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	116.44 ± 59.22	119.26 ± 27.74	.780
Sedimentation (mm/h)^a	6 (3.5–14)	4 (3–5.5)	.007**
C-reactive protein (mg/L)^a	3.36 (0.63–4.68)	0.07 (0.02–0.14)	<.001**

Note: n, adjusted PPARγ level data for BMI and age with ANCOVA. PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors γ, MetS, metabolic syndrome.

^aMann–Whitney U test (shown as median and (25–75%)) and student’s t-test (shown as mean ± standart deviation) were used.

*p < .05.

**p < .001.