Comparison of cognitive functions in bipolar disorder patients with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder with and without BPD.

	BD (n = 79) Median (25%–75%)	BD + BPD (n = 26) Median (25%–75%)	z	p
Age (years)	37 (28–48)	28.50 (25–35)	−3.567	<.001
Education (years)	11 (11–15)	12 (11–15)	−0.612	.540
Age of onset	23 (19–32)	20.50 (18–25)	−1.787	.074
Number of epizodes
Depression	2 (1–3)	2.50 (1–4.25)	−1.252	.211
Manic/hypomanic	2 (1−3)	2.50 (2−5.25)	–1.715	.086
Mix	0 (0–1)	0 (0–2)	−1.397	.162
Total	5 (3–8)	6 (4–9.25)	−1.662	.096
Number of hospitalizations	2 (1–3)	2 (0.75–4.25)	0.189	.850
Duration of disorder (year)	9 (3–17)	3.50 (2–12.50)	−0.787	.074
YMRS	3 (2–5)	5 (4.75–5)	4.551	<.001
HDRS	4 (2–6)	5.50 (3.75–6.25)	2.016	.044
	n (%)	n (%)	χ²	p
Gender			3.240	.072
Male	36 (45.6)	6 (23.1)
Female	43 (54.4)	20 (79.9)
Employment			2.628	.105
Unemployed	21 (26.5)	12 (46.1)
Employee	58 (73.4)	14 (53.8)
Marital status			7.726	.005
Single/divorced	36 (45.6)	20 (76.9)
Married	43 (54.4)	6 (23.1)
Socio-economic status			2.850	.240
Low	8 (10.1)	6 (23.1)
Moderate	67 (84.8)	19 (73.1)
High	4 (5.1)	1 (3.8)
Family history			4.452	.035
Positive	28 (35.4)	16 (61.5)
Negative	51 (64.6)	10 (38.5)
Attempts of suicide			4.152	.042
Positive	18 (22.8)	12 (46.2)
Negative	61 (77.2)	14 (53.8)
Drug^a				.039
MS	17 (21.5)	1 (3.8)
MS + AP	62 (78.5)	25 (96.2)

Note: BD, bipolar disorder; BPD, borderline personality disorder; YMRS, Young Mani Rating Scale; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MS, mood satabilizer; AP, antipsychotic.

^aFisher’s exact test.

Table 2. Comparison of test scores between BD and BD + BPD groups.

	BD Mean ± SD/median (25–75%)	BD + BPD Mean ± SD/median (25–75%)	Statistical analysis	Statistical analysis after Quade’s test
CVLT
Total 1–5	49.74 ± 10.65	45.73 ± 14.09	t = 1.533, p = .128	t = 0.106, p = .916
Free short recall	10.54 ± 3.41	9.23 ± 3.76	t = 1.657, p = .101	t = 0.534, p = .594
Free delayed recall	11 (9–13)	8.50 (6–13.25)	z = −2.684, p = .007	t = 0.687, p = .494
WCST
Categories achieved	3 (2–6)	2 (1–5)	z = −1.504, p = .133	t = 1.733, p = .086
Perseverative reaction	29 (13–46)	36.50 (23.75–46)	z = −1.177, p = .239	t = −0.437, p = .663
Perseverative errors	28 (13–47)	32 (22.50–38.50)	z = −0.683, p = .494	t = −0.387, p = .699
TMT A
Seconds	47 (33–63)	52 (43.75–135.5)	z = −2.458, p = .014	t = −3.449, p = .001
Errors	0 (0–0)	0.50 (0–2.25)	z = −3.213, p < .001	t = −3.431, p = .001
TMT B
Seconds	98 (65–124)	128.50 (84–222)	z = −2.376, p = .018	t = −2.331, p = .022
Errors	1 (0–2)	2 (0–3.25)	z = −1.983, p = .047	t = −1.431, p = .156
Stroop color word
Seconds	27.05 ± 8.22	34.53 ± 14.61	t = −2.486, p = .019	t = −1.535, p = .128
Errors	1 (0–3)	2 (0–3)	z = −0.517, p = .605	t = 0.062, p = .950
Corrections	1 (0–3)	2 (0–3)	z = −1.319, p = .187	t = −0.698, p = .487

Note: BD, bipolar disorder; BPD, borderline personality disorder; SD, standart deviation; CVLT, California verbal learning test; TMT, trail-making test; WCST, Wisconsin card sorting test.