Depression and anxiety disorders during pegylated interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical data of the sample.

Variable	Mean	SD
Age (year)	35.97	10.73
Year of education	8.42	3.79
Baseline HBV DNA (copy/ml)	30751045.45	41410568.26
Baseline ALT (IU/l)	101.03	74.14
	n	%
Female	11	33.3
Married	25	75.8
Any lifetime psychiatric diagnoses	6	18.2
Any lifetime psychiatric treatments	3	9.1
Suicide attempt	1	3.0

Figure 1. Error-bar graph showing mean HRSD score and 95% confidence intervals by the duration of the IFN treatment.

Note: X axis shows time, Y axis shows HRSD scores.

Figure 2. Error-bar graph showing mean HAM-A score and 95% confidence intervals by the duration of the IFN treatment.

Note: X axis shows time, Y axis shows HAM-A scores.

Table 2. Results of the psychiatric scales.

Variable	n	Mean	SD	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Baseline HRSD	33	4.24	4.01	4.0	0	13
HRSD in 1st month	33	8.91	6.76	8.0	0	22
HRSD in 3rd month	24	7.25	4.90	7.5	0	19
HRSD in 6th month	21	6.81	6.20	5.0	0	22
HRSD in 12th month	14	5.00	5.59	2.5	0	18
Baseline HAM-A	33	4.06	3.83	3.0	0	13
HAM-A in 1st month	33	8.48	6.57	8.0	0	22
HAM-A in 3rd month	24	7.96	5.31	8.0	0	19
HAM-A in 6th Month	21	6.48	5.52	5.0	0	18
HAM-A in 12th month	14	5.07	4.71	5.0	0	14

Notes: Baseline HRSD scores are significantly lower than the 1st month (t = −4.861, p < 0.0001), 3rd month (Z = −3.143, p = .002), and 6th month (Z = −2.434, p = .015) scores. Baseline HAM-A scores are significantly lower than the 1st month (t = −5.008, p < .0001), 3rd month (Z = −3.771, p < .0001), and 6th month (Z = −2.809, p = .005) scores. There is no significant difference between baseline scores and the scores of the 12th month for HRSD (Z = −0.775, p = .438) and for HAM-A (Z = −1.745, p = .081). t values are for paired sample test; Z values are for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Table 3. CGI results of the study sample.

Variable	Normal		Borderline mentally ill		Mildly ill		Moderately ill		Markedly ill		Severely ill		Extremely ill
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	n	%	n	%	n	%	n
Baseline CGI	28	84.8	5	15.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CGI in month 1	21	63.6	6	18.2	0	0	5	15.2	1	3.0	0	0	0	0
CGI in month 3	15	62.5	6	25.0	0	0	3	12.5	0	0	0	0	0	0
CGI in month 6	15	71.4	2	9.5	0	0	4	19.1	0	0	0	0	0	0
CGI in month 12	11	78.6	2	14.3	0	0	1	7.1	0	0	0	0	0	0

Table 4. Comparison of patients who developed depression/anxiety disorder during IFN treatment with the other patients.

Variable		Depression/AD + (n = 14)	Depression/AD + (n = 14)	Depression/AD − (n = 19)	Depression/AD − (n = 19)	Statistics
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)		35.29	9.42	36.47	11.84	t = − 0.310 p  = .759
Year of education^a		8.07	4.38	8.68	3.40	Z^t = −0.507 p  = .612
Baseline HRSD		6.00	4.39	2.95	3.24	t = 2.303 p = .028
Baseline HAM-A		5.21	4.26	3.21	3.34	t = 1.514 p = .140
Baseline HBV DNA (copy/ml)^b		19,146,678.57	36,814,893.02	39,301,631.58	43,449,176.03	Z^t = −1.592 p = .114
Baseline ALT^c (IU/l)		121.1	35.98	92.94	12.90	Z^t = −0.073 p = .942
		N	%	N	%	Fisher exact test (one sided)
Gender	Female	8	57.1	3	15.8	p = .017
	Male	6	42.9	16	84.2
Marital status	Single	2	14.3	6	31.6	p = .234
	Married	12	85.7	13	68.4
Any lifetime psychiatric diagnosis		4	28.6	2	10.5	p = .192
Any lifetime psychiatric treatment		2	14.3	1	5.3	p = .404
Suicide attempt		1	7.1	0	0	p = .424
To be borderline ill in baseline CGI		4	28.6	1	5.3	p = .089

Notes: AD: Anxiety disorder. ^t: Z value for the Mann–Whitney U test.

^aYear of education had a skewed distribution. The median values and 25–75 percentiles were 8 and 5–11 in both the depression/anxiety and the other group.

^bHBV level had a skewed distribution. The median values and 25–75 percentiles were 3,950,000 and 602,750–12,000,000 in the depression/anxiety group, while the values were 17,000,000 and 5,600,000–100,000,000 in the other group, respectively.

^cSerum ALT level had a skewed distribution. The median values and 25–75 percentiles were 88.5 IU/l and 45.00–149.75 IU/l in the depression/anxiety group, while the values were 81.00 IU/l and 53.00–119.00 IU/l in the other group, respectively.