Schizotypality and neurological soft signs in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of participants.

Variable	Patient	Control	p
Number of patients	92	91
Age, mean (min–max)	36.0 (12–56)	34.0 (17–56)	.633
Gender			.668
Male	30 (32.6%)	27 (29.7%)
Female	62 (67.4%)	64 (70.3%)
Education			.909
Primary school	38 (41.3%)	38 (41.8%)
Secondary school	13 (14.1%)	16 (17.6%)
High school	23 (25%)	20 (22%)
College/University	18 (19.6%)	17 (18.7%)
Marital status			.223
Married	53 (57.6%)	58 (63.7%)
Single	33 (35.9%)	23 (25.3%)
Other	6 (6.5%)	10 (11%)
Working status			.010*
Working	39 (42.4%)	56 (61.5%)
Unemployed	53 (57.6%)	35 (38.5%)
History of frequent throat infections			.056
Yes	26 (28.3%)	15 (16.5%)
No	66 (71.7%)	76 (83.5%)
History of tic disorder			<.001*
Yes	14 (15.2%)	1 (1.1%)
No	78 (84.8%)	90 (98.9%)

*p < .05.

Table 2. Comparison of scale and subscale scores between the groups.

Variables	Patient Median (min–max)	Control Median (min–max)	p
SPQ subscales
Ideas of reference	4 (0–9)	1 (0–8)	<.001
Social anxiety	6 (0–8)	3 (0–8)	<.001
Odd beliefs	1 (0–7)	1 (0–5)	.039
Unusual perception	3 (0–9)	1 (0–7)	.004
Odd behaviour	3 (0–7)	0 (0–6)	<.001
No close friends	5 (0–9)	3 (0–8)	<.001
Odd speech	4 (0–9)	1 (0–7)	<.001
Blunted affect	4 (0–8)	2 (0–6)	<.001
Paranoid ideation	4 (0–8)	3 (0–6)	<.001
SPQ total score	36 (1–61)	19 (0–44)	<.001
MIS total score	8.5 (0–21)	5 (0–19)	<.001
PAS total score	7.5 (0–32)	3 (0–21)	<.001
PhA total score	21 (1–43)	14 (0–31)	<.001

Table 3. PANESS scores between the patient and control groups.

Variables	Patient Median (min–max)	Control Median (min–max)	p
Synergie	8 (8–22)	8 (8–12)	.012
Graphestesia	9 (8–22)	8 (8–12)	<.001
Stereognosis	4 (4–9)	4 (4–5)	.056
Posture	1 (0–14)	0 (0–6)	<.001
Topognosia	1 (0–9)	0 (0–6)	<.001
Continuity of movement	7 (7–18)	7 (6–10)	.079
Repetitive movement	6 (6–20)	6 (6–6)	<.001
Total	44 (37–80)	38 (36–48)	<.001

Table 4. Independent risk factors identified by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Independent variables	p	OR (95% CI)
Sexual obsessions	.004	12.685 (2.247–71.630)
Religious obsessions	.027	13.304 (1.335–132.550)
Order–symmetry obsessions	<.001	10.040 (2.966–33.987)
Y-BOCS pathological doubting	.005	4.963 1.631–15.102)

Note: Dependent variable: total PANESS score.