Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking (Turkish LQPT)

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the sample.

Age		SD
	30.505	8.753
	N	%
Gender
Female	60	64.5
Male	33	35.5
Marital status
Single	44	47.3
Married	38	40.9
Divorced	6	6.5
Living Separately	5	5.4
Marriage time
Single	44	47.3
Less than 1 Year	7	7.5
1–5 Years	14	15.1
5–10 Years	8	8.6
11 or more	20	21.5
Education level
Elementary school	12	12.9
High school	33	35.5
University	43	46.2
Other	5	5.4
Number of children
No Child	57	61.3
1 Child	12	12.9
2 Children	16	17.2
3 Children	8	8.6
Living place
Rural	2	2.2
Urban	91	97.8
Income level
Absent	9	9.7
Below 500 TL	11	11.8
500–999 TL	15	16.1
1000–1999 TL	25	26.9
Above 2000	33	35.5
Diagnosis
Absent	33	35.5
Mood disorder	15	16.1
Anxiety disorder	17	18.3
Somatoform disorder	14	15.1
Substance use disorder	14	15.1

Note: TL: Turkish currency.

Table 2. Gender differences in terms of LQPT and DAS-A and its subscales.

	Gender	N	Median (Min–Max)	U	Z	p
Performance evaluation	Male	33	47.0 (18–108)	879.0	−0.892	0.373
	Female	60	59.0 (18–109)
Need for approval	Male	33	38.0 (18–62)	718.0	−2.186	0.029
	Female	60	47.5 (11–71)
Autonomous attitude	Male	33	22.0 (12–35)	891.5	−0.793	0.428
	Female	60	24.0 (12–38)
Tentativeness	Male	33	21.0 (11–27)	974.0	−0.129	0.897
	Female	60	20.0 (5–26)
Total DAS-A	Male	33	39.0 (27–44)	810.0	−1.450	0.147
	Female	60	35.0 (27–44)
Total LQPT	Male	33	17.0 (5–22)	810.0	−1.450	0.147
	Female	60	13.0 (5–22)

Note: LQPT: Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking, DAS-A: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.

Table 3. Reliability analysis of the Turkish LQPT.

	German sample	Turkish sample
	n = 90	n = 93
Split-half reliability	0.885	0.892
Total scale internal consistency	0.901	0.887
LQPT1		0.878
LQPT2		0.875
LQPT3		0.886
LQPT4		0.889
LQPT5		0.878
LQPT6		0.877
LQPT7		0.876
LQPT8		0.886
LQPT9		0.885
LQPT10		0.881
LQPT11		0.883
LQPT12		0.880
LQPT13		0.879
LQPT14		0.890
LQPT15		0.886
LQPT16		0.888
LQPT17		0.877
LQPT18		0.886
LQPT19		0.888
LQPT20		0.876
LQPT21		0.878
LQPT22		0.884

Note: LQPT: Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking.

Table 4. Correlation between LQPT and DAS-A, and its subscales.

	Age	Performance evaluation	Need for approval	Autonomous attitude	Tentativeness	Total DAS-A	LQPT
Age		0.043	0.115	0.048	−0.106	0.085	0.085
Performance evaluation			0.736**	0.511**	0.566**	−0.653**	−0.653**
Need for approval				0.606**	0.427**	−0.582**	−0.582**
Autonomous attitude					0.577**	−0.549**	−0.549**
Tentativeness						−0.507**	−0.507**
Total DAS-A							1.000**
Total LQPT

Note: LQPT: Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking, DAS-A: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.

**significant (<.01).

Table 5. The difference between different diagnosis in terms of LQPT, DAS-A, and its Subscales.

Test	Diagnosis	N	Mean Rank	df	X^2	H	p
Performance evaluation	Healthy	33	25.03	4	34.214	34.214	0.000
	Mood disorder	15	56.67
	Anxiety disorder	17	61.76
	Somatoform disorder	14	58.18
	Substance use disorder	14	59.32
Need for approval	Healthy	33	24.65	4	38.629	38.629	0.000
	Mood disorder	15	56.93
	Anxiety disorder	17	56.53
	Somatoform disorder	14	70.89
	Substance use disorder	14	53.57
Autonomous attitude	Healthy	33	29.14	4	26.060	26.060	0.000
	Mood disorder	15	47.70
	Anxiety disorder	17	62.47
	Somatoform disorder	14	53.32
	Substance use disorder	14	63.25
Tentativeness	Healthy	33	33.11	4	15.574	15.574	0.004
	Mood disorder	15	47.70
	Anxiety disorder	17	58.79
	Somatoform disorder	14	52.36
	Substance use disorder	14	59.32
Total DAS-A	Healthy	33	71.59	4	58.945	58.945	0.000
	Mood disorder	15	53.87
	Anxiety disorder	17	19.35
	Somatoform disorder	14	39.54
	Substance use disorder	14	22.71
Total LQPT	Healthy	33	71.59	4	58.945	58.945	0.000
	Mood disorder	15	53.87
	Anxiety disorder	17	19.35
	Somatoform disorder	14	39.54
	Substance use disorder	14	22.71

Note: LQPT: Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking, DAS-A: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.

Table 6. Factor structure of Turkish LQPT.

Eigenvalue	7.007	3.208
Cumulative variation	31.850	46.431
Item	Factor 1	Factor 2
LQPT 1	0 . 684	0.071
LQPT 2	0.620	0.323
LQPT 3	−0.106	0.814
LQPT 4	0.054	0.387
LQPT 5	0.731	0.021
LQPT 6	0.661	0.190
LQPT 7	0.658	0.222
LQPT 8	0.098	0.468
LQPT 9	0.031	0.687
LQPT 10	0.674	−0.028
LQPT 11	0.309	0.368
LQPT 12	0.666	0.008
LQPT 13	0.496	0.342
LQPT 14	−0.140	0.650
LQPT 15	0.047	0.613
LQPT 16	0.659	−0.442
LQPT 17	0.857	−0.094
LQPT 18	0.100	0.507
LQPT 19	−0.079	0.512
LQPT 20	0.658	0.248
LQPT 21	0.814	−0.095
LQPT 22	0.782	−0.410

Note: Extraction Method: Principal component analysis. Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser normalization.

LQPT: Luebeck questionnaire for recording preoperational thinking.