Serum glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels and impulsivity in heroin addiction: a cross-sectional, case-control study of 129 heroin addicts

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of heroin addicts and controls.

Variables	Heroin addicts (n = 129)	Controls (n = 90)	p
Age, mean ± SD (min–max)	25.1± (17–46)	24.9± (17–47)	>.05
Gender			>.05
Male	119 (92.2%)	83 (92.2%)
Female	10 (7.8%)	7 (7.8%)
Education			>.05
Primary School	92 (71.9%)	47 (65.3%)
High School	28 (21.9%)	19 (26.4%)
College/University	8 (6.3%)	6 (8.3%)
Marital Status			>.05
Married	25 (74.4%)	45 (65.2%)
Single	96 (19.4%)	18 (26.1%)
Divorced	8 (6.2%)	6 (8.7%)
Smoking (pack year)	9.9 ± 7.5	9.8 ± 6.8	>.05

Table 2. BIS scores in heroin addicts and controls.

Variables	Heroin addicts (mean ± SD)	Controls (mean ± SD)	p
AI	15.4 ± 4.6	11.1 ± 3.3	<.001
MI	22.6 ± 8.7	15.2 ± 4.9	<.001
UI	25.6 ± 9.4	17.9 ± 6.2	<.001
Total impulsivity	63.5 ± 21.8	44.3 ± 13.4	<.001

Figure 1. Correlation between GDNF levels and total impulsivity in heroin addicts.

Table 3. Variables affecting serum GDNF levels in heroin addicts.

Variables	p	r
AI	<.001	−.725
MI	<.001	−.757
UI	<.001	−.805
Total impulsivity	<.001	−.808
HAD-A	<.001	−.461
HAD-D	<.001	−.550
Heroin dosage (gram)	<.001	−.414
Duration of addiction	<.001	−.515