The assessment of serum omentin levels of children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographical findings of participants.

	ASD (n = 60)	ADHD (n = 60)	Healthy (n = 60)	Total (n = 180)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	X^2, F	p
Gender
Boys	44 (73.3)	43 (71.1)	41 (68.3)	128 (71.1)	0.379	.828
Girls	16 (26.7)	17 (28.3)	19 (31.7)	52 (28.9)
	Mean ± SD (min-max)	Mean ± SD (min-max)	Mean ± SD (min-max)	Mean ± SD (min-max)	X^2	p
Age (months)	124.2 ± 10.4 (103–151)	121.5 ± 9.4 (99–141)	118.7 ± 9.1 (96–132)	121.5 ± 9.9 (96–151)	5.813	.055
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.7 ± 1.9 (18–25)	21.5 ± 1.9 (18–25)	21.6 ± 1.7 (18–25)	21.6 ± 1.8 (18–25)	0.109	.897
Mothers’ age (year)	32.8 ± 5.1 (23–48)	33.1 ± 4.4 (23–42)	33.5 (4.1) (27–42)	33.1 (4.5) (23–48)	1.223	.542
Fathers’ age (year)	36.5 ± 5.8 (27–57)	37.1 ± 4.9 (30–51)	36.9 ± 5.5 (27–49)	36.8 ± 5.4 (27–57)	1.078	.583
Mothers’ Education (year)	10.3 ± 3.3 (5–15)	10.9 ± 3.7 (5–15)	11.0 ± 3.4 (5–15)	10.8 ± 3.5 (5–15)	1.625	.444
Fathers’ Education (year)	11.7 ± 3.2 (5–17)	11.1 ± 3.3 (5–15)	11.2 ± 3.0 (4–17)	11.3 ± 3.1 (4–17)	1.574	.455

Note: SD, standard deviation; min, minimum; max, maximum; BMI, body mass index; X², Kruskal–Wallis; F, ANOVA for BMI analysis; ASD, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD, attention-–deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Table 2. Omentin levels of participants.

	Total	ASD	ADHD	Healthy	First analysis	Dual comparisons
	M (min-max) Mean ± SD	M (min-max) Mean ± SD	M (min-max) Mean ± SD	M (min-max) Mean ± SD	Kruskal–Wallis	Mann–Whitney U
Omentin (ng/ml)	327.6 (134–800) 415.8 ± 201.0	422.6 (220–800) 479.0 ± 201.2	293.5 (219–800) 385.9 ± 201.5	322.0 (134–800) 382.5 ± 188.1	X^2=13.619 p = .001	ASD vs. ADHD: z=−3.268, p = .001 ASD vs. Healthy: z=−3.043, p = .002 ADHD vs. Healthy: z=−0.728, p = .476

Note: M, median; min, minimum; max, maximum; SD, standard deviation; ASD, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Table 3. Spearman correlation analysis of the variables in ASD group (n = 60).

	BMI	Omentin	ABCL	AbBC	CARS
Age	−0.259 0.045	−0.035 0.792	−0.422 0.001	−0.018 0.889	−0.228 0.079
BMI		0.080 0.542	−0.068 0.608	−0.112 0.394	−0.203 0.119
Omentin		1	0.104 0.443	−0.055 0.679	0.184 0.159
ABCL			1	0.149 0.255	0.544 0.000
AbBC				1	0.255 0.049

Note: Significance at the 0.01 level. ABCL, Autism Behavior Checklist; AbBC, Problematic Behavior Checklist and CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale.

Table 4. Spearman correlation analysis of the variables in ADHD group (n = 60).

	BMI	Omentin	CPRS	CTRS
Age	−0.108 0.412	−0.167 0.203	−0.064 0.625	−0.097 0.459
BMI		−0.056 0.669	0.138 0.294	−0.074 0.577
Omentin		1	0.136 0.302	−0.056 0.669

Note: Significance at 0.01 level. CPRS, Conner’s Parent Rating Scale; CTRS, Conner’s Teacher Rating Scale and ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.