Socio-demographic and clinical factors affecting repetitive crime for women applying to the infirmary in a prison

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of the quantitative characteristics of the groups.

	Non-repetitive offenders mean ± standard deviation (N 80)	Repetitive offenders mean ± standard deviation (N 25)	Total mean ± standard deviation (N 105)	z	p
Age	35.16 ± 9.95	34.60 ± 7.79	35.03 ± 9.45	−0.015	0.98
Age of immigration	16.13 ± 11.43	16.70 ± 10.64	16.23 ± 11.21	−0.368	0.71
Education period (year)	7.50 ± 3.81	7.83 ± 1.83	7.64 ± 3.03	−0.330	0.74
Age of first crime	34.33 ± 16.0	22.0 ± 7.16	24.55 ± 10.58	−1.914	0.056
Age of current crime	32.24 ± 10.17	31.20 ± 7.66	31.99 ± 9.60	−0.122	0.90
Duration time in prison (month)	12.00 ± 11.31	30.90 ± 40.57	29.26 ± 39.14	−0.602	0.54
Age at onset of the disease	28.85 ± 12.03	19.56 ± 6.72	26.28 ± 11.42	−3.664	<0.001***
Duration of the disease (year)	6.66 ± 5.46	14.25 ± 8.57	8.58 ± 7.15	−4.092	<0.001***
Number of suicide	2.07 ± 1.19	7.35 ± 11.83	4.02 ± 7.57	−3.233	<0.001***
Number of hospitalization	1.67 ± 2.31	3.10 ± 3.69	2.32 ± 3.03	−1.707	0.08

Z: Mann–Whitney U test, p > 0.05: non-significant, ***p < 0.001: Very highly significant difference.

Table 2. Comparison of groups in terms of socio-demographic, previous psychiatric application, self-destructive behaviour, and suicide attempt.

	Non-repetitive offenders (N 80)		Repetitive offenders (N 25)
	S	%	S	%	χ^2	p	OR (95% CI)
Current situation
Arrested	43	53.8	5	20.0	8.75	0.013*
Convicted	33	41.3	18	72.0
Both arrested and convicted	4	5.0	2	8.0
Previous psychiatric application
Yes	12	15.0	9	36.0	4.02	0.04*	3.19 (1.15–8.85)
No	68	85.0	16	64.0
Self-destructive behaviour
Yes	9	11.2	12	48.0	13.86	<0.001***	7.28 (2.55–20.75)
No	71	88.8	13	52.0
Previous suicide attempt
Yes	30	37.5	17	68.0	5.98	0.014*	3.54 (1.36–9.20)
No	50	62.5	8	32.0
Loss of family
Yes	9	11.2	3	12.0	0.11	0.91	1.07 (0.27–4.32)
No	71	88.8	22	88.0
Separation story in the family
Yes	14	17.5	9	36.0	3.81	0.051	2.65 (0.98–7.20)
No	66	82.5	16	64.0
Presence of offenders in the family
Yes	14	17.9	12	50.0	8.31	0.004**	4.57 (1.70–12.27)
No	64	82.1	12	50.0
Violence in childhood
Yes	25	31.3	9	36.0	0.39	0.84	1.24 (0.48–3.18)
No	55	68.8	16	64.0

p > 0.5: Non-significant, *p < 0.05: significant difference, **p < 0.01: very significant difference, ****p < 0.001: very highly significant difference.

Table 3. Comparison of groups in terms of diagnosis, alcohol substance use, and crime characteristics.

	Non-repetitive offenders (N 80)		Repetitive offenders (N 25)		χ^2	p	OR (95% CI)
	S	%	S	%
Axis 1 diagnosis
Yes	76	95.0	25	100.0	0.29	0.59	0.75 (0.67–0.84)
No	4	5.0	0	0.0
Axis 2 diagnosis
Yes	26	32.5	19	76.0	12.99	<0.001***	6.58 (2.34–18.43)
No	54	67.5	6	24.0
Axis 3 diagnosis
Yes	4	5.0	2	8.0	0.01	0.94	1.65 (0.28–9.60)
No	76	95.0	23	92.0
Alcohol abuse
Yes	16	20.0	11	44.0	4.56	0.03*	3.14 (1.20–8.22)
No	64	80.0	14	56.0
Substance abuse
Yes	17	21.3	19	76.0	22.97	<0.001***	11.73 (4.05–33.96)
No	63	78.8	6	24.0
Substance and alcohol use during crime
Yes	28	35.0	18	72.0	9.14	0.002**	4.78 (1.78–12.08)
No	52	65.0	7	28.0
Severity of violence of the crime
Minimal violence	48	60.0	16	64.0	0.11	0.74
Mild violence	7	8.8	5	20.0
Moderate/severe violence	25	31.3	4	16.0
Direction of crime
Against to people	34	42.5	8	32.0	4.19	0.12
Against to subject	7	8.8	6	24.0
Against to public order	39	48.8	11	44.0

Table 4. Logistic regression model of the variables that can affect the presence of repetitive crime.

	B	S.E.	p	OR	95% CI for EXP(B)
Substance abuse	2.731	0.671	<0.001***	15.344	4.121–57.135
Self-destruction	2.272	0.693	<0.001***	9.696	2.491–37.741
Separation story in the family	1.454	0.661	0.028*	4.280	1.173–15.622

χ² = 38.274; df 3, p  < 0.001***. Total correct classification per cent % 85.9. *p < 0.05, *** p  < 0.001.