Psychometric properties of the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish people

Figures & data

Figure 1. Randomization method of the database.

Table 1. Sample size according to the distribution of age and gender.

Age (years)	Total n^1	Male n^1	Female n^1	Total n	Male n	Female n
20–24	6,224,591	3,173,618	3,050,973	33	17	16
25–29	6,306,233	3,210,343	3,095,890	34	17	17
30–34	6,495,634	3,285,387	3,210,247	35	19	16
35–39	5,632,742	2,837,182	2,795,560	30	15	15
40–44	4,770,774	2,430,841	2,339,933	27	14	13
45–49	4,786,084	2,405,435	2,380,649	25	13	12
50–54	3,792,436	1,909,912	1,882,524	20	11	9
55–59	3,454,415	1,716,102	1,738,313	18	10	8
60–64	2,566,487	1,231,274	1,335,213	14	7	7
TOTAL	44,029,396	22,200,094	21,829,302	236	123	113

n¹ = population of Turkey in that age and gender.

n =  number of participant in that age and gender.

Table 2. Demographic data.

Age (years)
Mean ± SD (min–max)	38.6 ± 12.5 (19–65)
Gender; n(%)
Male	123 (52.1)
Female	113 (47.9)
Marital status; n(%)
Married	157 (66.5)
Single	79 (33.5)
Educational status; n(%)
High school	58 (24.6)
University	178 (75.4)
Vocational status; n(%)
Unemployed	73 (30.9)
Employed	163 (69.1)

Table 3. Descriptive statistics for TSWLS items.

	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Range	Corrected item–total correlation	Correlation with the SWLS
past1	3.27	1.93	.40	−1.16	1–7	.486	.463**
past2	4.58	1.63	−.51	−.77	1–7	.699	.495**
past3	4.06	1.63	−.07	−1.07	1–7	.758	.457**
past4	3.55	1.62	.19	−.89	1–7	.603	.402**
past5	4.15	1.72	−.18	−1.00	1–7	.585	.398**
present1	4.19	1.85	−.20	−1.18	1–7	.734	.536**
present2	5.17	1.45	−.92	.18	1–7	.734	.560**
present3	4.67	1.58	−.39	−.76	1–7	.739	.583**
present4	4.25	1.65	−.24	−.92	1–7	.735	.581**
present5	4.48	1.66	−.46	−.78	1–7	.646	.611**
future1	3.44	1.77	.33	−1.04	1–7	.226	.505**
future2	4.88	1.34	−.79	.28	1–7	.677	.323**
future3	4.93	1.32	−.77	.39	1–7	.656	.318**
future4	4.59	1.41	−.49	.04	1–7	.680	.369**
future5	4.99	1.39	−.68	.16	1–7	.571	.298**

**p < 0.001.

Table 4. Distribution of TWLS and SWLS scores according to demographic properties.

	SWLS	TWLS_past	TWLS_present	TWLS_future	TWLS_total
Gender; p	0.63	0.92	0.57	0.53	0.59
Male	21.88 ± 5.34	19.56 ± 6.30	22.52 ± 6.37	22.62 ± 5.28	64.70 ± 13.91
Female	22.27 ± 6.11	19.65 ± 6.88	23.03 ± 7.22	23.05 ± 5.22	65.73 ± 15.04
Marital status; p	0.01*	0.01*	<0.001**	0.43	<0.001**
Married	22.77 ± 5.38	20.37 ± 6.26	24.11 ± 6.10	23.03 ± 5.27	67.51 ± 13.54
Single	20.29 ± 6.37	18.03 ± 6.88	20.12 ± 7.29	22.44 ± 5.19	60.59 ± 15.43
Educational status; p	0.08	0.02*	0.17	0.24	0.03*
High school	20.95 ± 5.65	17.91 ± 6.70	21.71 ± 6.67	22.03 ± 6.15	61.66 ± 14.94
University	22.51 ± 5.72	20.15 ± 6.45	23.11 ± 6.80	23.08 ± 4.91	66.34 ± 14.13
Vocational status; p	0.41	0.01**	0.70	0.99	0.16
Employed	22.32 ± 5.47	20.37 ± 6.46	22.88 ± 6.68	22.82 ± 5.30	66.07 ± 14.20
Unemployed	21.63 ± 6.20	17.88 ± 6.52	22.84 ± 5.15	22.84 ± 5.15	63.22 ± 14.87

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.

Each score is described as mean ± SD.

Table 5. Cronbach’s alpha and test–retest correlation coefficient for Turkish version of TSWLS’s each scale.

	Item number	Cronbach’s alpha	Test–retest Pearson r
Past	5	0.82	.610**
Present	5	0.88	.743**
Future	5	0.76	.734**
Total	15	0.87	.810**

**p < 0.001.

Figure 2. Final standardized model for the 15-item TSWLS.

Table 6. Result from confirmatory factor analysis.

	For TWPS	Cut-off value
χ²/df	1.709	<5
GFI	0.95	>.90
RMSEA	0.055	<.08
CFI	0.97	>.90
NFI	0.94	>.90
TLI	0.84	>.90
AGFI	0.87	>.90

GFI = Goodness of Fit Index, RMSEA = Rout mean squared error of approximation, CFI = Comparative Fıt Index, NFI = Normed Fit Index, TLI = Tucker–Lewis Index, AGFI = Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index.

Figure 3. Final standardized model for the 12-item TSWLS.

Note: Chi square = 82.064, df = 48, p = 0.002, RMSEA = 0.055.