Relationships between nicotine craving, orexin-leptin levels and temperament character traits among non-treatment seeking health professionals

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study groups.

	Smoking group n = 40		Non-smoking group n = 40		p
Age (mean)^a	24.60 ± 3.10		23.87 ± 2.57		.259
Body mass index (mean)^a	24.50 ± 3.98		23.51 ± 2.90		.211
Smoking pack-years for mother (mean)^a	5.44 ± 8.90		1.61 ± 5.61		.024*
Smoking pack-years for father (mean)^a	14.18 ± 19.05		10.45 ± 21.60		.41
Night sleep time (mean hour)^a	3.62 ± 0.80		3.77 ± 0.57		.342
Sex^b Male Female	Number	%	Number	%
	26 14	65 35	26 14	65.0 35.0	.999
Marital status^b Single Married
	36 4	90 10	36 4	90.0 10.0	.999
Profession^b Resident physicians Medical students
	16 24	40 60	9 31	29.0 71.0	.091
Place of birth^b Village District City
	2 14 24	5 35 60	4 10 26	10 25 65	.493
Place of growing up^b Village District City
	2 8 30	5 20 75	1 12 27	2.5 30 67.5	.524
Psychiatric disorder background^b Yes No
	10 30	25 75	4 36	10 90	.077
Chronic disorder background except psychiatric disorder^b Yes No
	2 38	5 95	4 36	10 90	.675

^aIndependent sample t-test, ^bChi-square test for independence, *p < .05.

Table 2. Temperament and character traits of the study groups.

	Smokers (n = 40) Mean ± SD	Non-smokers (n = 40) Mean ± SD	p*
NS3	6.10 ± 2.01	4.90 ± 1.41	.003**
NS4	5.72 ± 1.70	4.52 ± 1.66	.002**
NS-Total	22.67 ± 4.85	19.07 ± 5.48	.003**
HA2	3.70 ± 1.97	4.52 ± 1.69	.049**
SD2	5.27 ± 2.07	6.22 ± 1.60	.02**
SD5	8.35 ± 2.24	9.65 ± 2.40	.01**
C1	5.50 ± 1.76	6.47 ± 2.50	.04**
C4	5.00 ± 2.82	7.10 ± 2.99	.002**
C5	5.65 ± 1.70	7.02 ± 1.73	.001**
C-Total	24.15 ± 6.36	29.57 ± 7.11	.001**

*Independent sampling t-test, **p < .05

Table 3. Plasma leptin and orexin levels of the groups.

	Smokers (n = 40) Mean ± SD	Non-smokers (n = 40) Mean ± SD	p*
Leptin	7.34 ± 5.24 ng/mL	7.71 ± 4.40 ng/mL	0.73
Orexin	1.50 ± 0.50 ng/mL	2.17 ± 0.48 ng/mL	<.001**

*Independent sampling t-test, **p < .05

Table 4. The mean orexin and leptin values according to heavy and very heavy smoking status in the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.

	Heavy smokers (6 and 7 pts)		Very heavy smokers (8 pts and over)
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
Leptin	30	6.80 ± 4.16 ng/mL	10	8.95 ± 7.69 ng/mL
Orexin	30	1.43 ± 0.52 ng/mL	10	1.71 ± 0.39 ng/mL