Neurological deficits and comorbidity in children with reading disorder

Figures & data

Figure 1. The prevalence of comorbid diagnosis in individuals with RD.

Table 1. Sample characteristics (n = 48).

		NC		RD (ADHD)
		(n = 24)		(n = 24)
	Mean	(SD)	Mean	(SD)		T
Age	12.5	2.3	12.3	2.2		n.s.
Income	8000	2.6	3600	1.5		3.56**
RSPM (IQ)	96.5	10.6	91.6	10.6		n.s.
WRAT standard score	130	6.8	112	6.0		11.62**
-Reading standard score	81.2	1.2	75	3.6		5.36**
-Spelling standard score	80.4	2.0	79.3	2.6		8.35**
-Arithematic standard score	83.4	2.0	74.6	1.0		6.56**

Notes: RSPM, Ravens Progressive Matrices; WRAT, Wide-Range Achievement Test; ss, standard score; n.s: not significant, NC, normal controls; RD, reading disorder.

**p < .001.

Table 2. Post hoc analysis (ANOVA) of neuropsychological differences (n = 48).

	Groups
	NC	RD	RD+ADHD
	(n = 24)	(n = 12)	(n = 12)	F–test
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Immediate Recall	18 (1.2)	11 (3.2)	6 (1.6)
RCFT				32.5**
Delayed Recall	15 (1.3)	9 (3.5)	15 (2.4)
PS	5 (1.6)	12 (4.0)	14 (3.9)	13.9**
Left ear	39 (4.3)	48 (3.6)	36 (5.6)
DLWT				13.7**
Right ear	53 (2.5)	24 (2.0)	30 (2.5)

Note: RCFT, Rey Complex Figure Test; PS, postural stability; DLWT, dichotic listening words test.

**p < .001.