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Original Articles

Anti-nociceptive effects of low dose ketamine in mice may be mediated by the serotonergic systems

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Pages 252-256 | Received 23 Nov 2018, Accepted 04 Apr 2019, Published online: 03 Jun 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1. The latency of the hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis.

Figure 1. The latency of the hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis.

Figure 2. The latency of hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05 compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis.

Figure 2. The latency of hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05 compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis.

Figure 3. The latency of the hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. To test the differences in the repeated tests of the same drug treatment applied mice, we used one-way, within-subjects ANOVA.

Figure 3. The latency of the hind paw licking or jumping of groups on the hot plate test. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of 7–9 mice. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared with control group. One-way ANOVA; post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. To test the differences in the repeated tests of the same drug treatment applied mice, we used one-way, within-subjects ANOVA.