Methamphetamine’s effects on oxidative stress markers may continue after detoxification: a case–control study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of participants. MUD: methamphetamine use disorder.

Table 1. Sociodemographic data of the patient and control group.

	MUD (n = 44, male) Mean ± SD Median (IR)	Control (n = 45, male) Mean ± SD Median (IR)	t	p^a
Age (years)	26.48 ± 5.97 24 (8)	28.04 ± 5.77 25.5 (9)	−1.258	0.212
Education (years)	7.55 ± 2.39 8 (3)	7.91 ± 2.46 8 (2)	−0.709	0.480
BMI	23.10 ± 2.29 23.21 (3.15)	23.92 ± 1.72 24.22 (1.99)	−1.910	0.059
Number of cigarette per day	22.75 ± 10.72 20 (5)	17.19 ± 6.57 17.50 (10)	1.940	0.057
Percentage smoking	%100 (n = 44)	%36.5 (n = 16)	x^2:42.061	<0.001^b**
MUD duration (months)	60.98 ± 36.63 60 (36)	–
Number of hospitalizations for treatment [min–max]	2 (1) [1–6]	–
Hospitalization duration of last treatment (days) [min–max]	13 (13.5) [5–26]	–

^aStudent-t test; ^bChi-square test; **p < 0.001; MUD: methamphetamine use disorder; BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation; IR: interquartile range.

Table 2. Comparison of thiol and disulphide levels of patients between in the control group after the first day of hospitalization.

	MUD (n = 44, male) Mean ± SD	Control (n = 45, male) Mean ± SD	t	Effect size (Cohen’s d)	p^a
Native thiol	596.48 ± 74.91	381.67 ± 46.61	16.199	3.4517	<0.001**
Total thiol	680.87 ± 93.90	415.44 ± 46.44	16.843	3.5957	<0.001**
Disulfide	42.19 ± 12.06	16.88 ± 5.28	12.676	2.7277	<0.001**
Index 1	7.00 ± 1.53	4.50 ± 1.59	7.556	1.6012	<0.001**
Index 2	6.11 ± 1.16	4.09 ± 1.30	7.728	1.6363	<0.001**
Index 3	87.77 ± 2.33	91.81 ± 2.60	−7.698	1.6300	<0.001**

^aStudent-t test; **p < 0.001; MUD: methamphetamine use disorder; SD: standard deviation; Index 1 = (disulphide / native thiol) × 100; Index 2 = (disulphide / total thiol) × 100; Index 3 = (native thiol / total thiol) × 100.

Table 3. Comparison of thiol and disulphide levels of patient groups in repetated measurements.

	MUD At the beginning of hospitalization (n = 27) Mean ± SD	MUD Before discharge (n = 27) Mean ± SD	t	Effect size (Cohen’s d)	p^a
Native thiol	598.09 ± 64.49	583. 57 ± 78.09	0.839		0.409
Total thiol	676.41 ± 81.75	681.21 ± 82.95	−0.261		0.796
Disulfide	39.15 ± 10.10	48.81 ± 9.62	−5.424	1.0438	<0.001**
Index 1	6.48 ± 1.22	8.49 ± 1.91	−5.448	1.0485	<0.001**
Index 2	5.71 ± 0.96	7.21 ± 1.39	−5.472	1.0530	<0.001**
Index 3	88.57 ± 1.92	85.57 ± 2.78	5.498	1.0580	<0.001**

^aPaired Samples-t Test; **p < 0.001; MUD: methamphetamine use disorder; SD: standard deviation; Index 1 = (disulphide / native thiol) × 100; Index 2 = (disulphide / total thiol) × 100; Index 3 = (native thiol / total thiol) × 100.