Cooperation between China and ASEAN under the building of ASEAN Economic Community

Figures & data

Table 1. China’s imports from ASEAN countries (unit: 100 million U.S. dollars, %)

							Dependence of countries on exports to China
Country/Region	2016	2017	2018	2019	Percentage of total imports from China (2019)	Growth rate (2019)	2016	2019
Total ASEAN countries	1962	2357	2686	2820	13.6	5.0	–	–
Malaysia	492	543	632	718	3.5	13.6	16.5	19.7
Vietnam	371	503	640	641	3.1	0.3	18.1	24.5
Thailand	387	416	446	462	2.2	3.4	9.4	8.5
Singapore	259	342	337	352	1.7	4.4	8.1	9.5
Indonesia	214	286	342	341	1.6	−0.3	2.3	3.0
Philippines	174	192	206	202	1.0	−2.0	5.7	5.8
Myanmar	41	45	47	64	0.3	36.4	6.3	8.4
Laos	14	16	20	22	0.1	7.0	8.8	12.1
Cambodia	8	10	14	7	0.1	27.4	4.1	2.5
Brunei	2	4	2	4	0.0	81.7	1.8	3.0

Remarks: -is a negative value. The dependence of ASEAN countries on exports to China is the exports value (Chinese imports) to their GDP.

Source: China Customs Import and Export Statistics.

Table 2. China’s exports to ASEAN countries (unit: billion US dollars, %)

Country/Region	2016	2017	2018	2019	Percentage of total exports to China (2019)	Growth rate (2019)	Dependence of countries on imports from China
							2016	2019
Total ASEAN countries	2560	2791	3192	3594	14.0	12.6	–	–
Malaysia	377	417	454	521	2.0	14.8	12.6	14.3
Vietnam	611	710	839	979	4.0	16.7	29.7	37.4
Thailand	372	387	429	456	1.8	6.3	9.0	8.4
Singapore	445	450	492	547	2.1	11.6	14.0	14.7
Indonesia	321	348	432	456	1.8	5.6	3.4	4.1
Philippines	298	320	351	407	1.6	16.2	9.8	10.8
Myanmar	82	90	106	123	4.9	16.7	12.7	16.2
Laos	10	14	15	18	0.07	21.1	6.3	9.9
Cambodia	39	47	60	80	0.3	32.8	20.1	29.5
Brunei	5	6	16	7	0.02	−59.1	4.4	5.2

Remarks: -is a negative value. The dependence of ASEAN countries on imports from China is the imports value (Chinese exports) to their GDP.

Source: China Customs Import and Export Statistics.

Table 3. 2010–2019 China’s direct investment flow in ASEAN countries (unit: 100 million US dollars)

Country	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
World	688.1	746.5	878.0	1078.4	1231.1	1456.6	1961.4	1582.9	1430.4	1171.0
Cambodia	4.7	5.7	5.6	5.0	4.4	4.2	6.3	7.4	7.8	27.5
Laos	3.1	4.5	8.1	7.8	10.3	5.2	3.3	12.2	12.4	10.7
Myanmar	8.8	2.2	7.5	4.8	3.4	3.3	2.9	4.3	−2.0	0.6
Thailand	7.0	2.3	4.8	7.6	8.4	4.1	11.2	10.6	7.4	10.9
Vietnam	3.1	1.9	3.5	4.8	3.3	5.6	12.8	7.6	11.5	25.3
Brunei	0.2	0.2	0	0.1	0	0	1.4	0.7	−0.2	0
Philippines	2.4	2.6	0.7	0.5	2.2	−0.3	0.3	1.1	0.6	18.0
Indonesia	2.0	5.9	13.6	15.6	12.7	14.5	14.6	16.8	18.6	47.0
Malaysia	1.6	1.0	2.0	6.2	5.2	4.9	18.3	17.2	16.6	9.8
Singapore	11.2	32.7	15.2	20.3	28.1	104.5	31.7	63.2	64.1	40.1

Remarks: – is a negative value.

Source: Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, National Bureau of Statistics, State Administration of Foreign Exchange: “Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward Direct Investment 2018”, 2019, pp.50–51. 2019 data is compiled according to official statistics of ASEAN countries.

Table 4. 2018 ASEAN countries’ direct investment in China

	Number of newly established enterprises			Actual investment amount
	Quantity (Jia)	Year-on-year growth (%)	Percentage of China’s utilization of foreign capital (%)	Amount (One hundred million U.S. dollars)	Year-on-year growth (%)	Percentage of China’s utilization of foreign capital (%)
Brunei	2	−71.4	0.00	0.2	−27.2	0.01
Myanmar	11	−59.3	0.02	0.1	383.5	0.01
Cambodia	13	160.0	0.02	0.0	−86.8	0.00
Indonesia	65	27.5	0.11	0.3	−20.4	0.02
Laos	2	0.0	0.00	0.0	−95.3	0.00
Malaysia	454	38.0	0.75	2.1	95.3	0.16
Philippines	39	11.4	0.06	0.5	897.2	0.04
Singapore	998	41.4	1.65	52.1	9.4	3.86
Thailand	94	16.1	0.16	0.5	−58.5	0.03
Vietnam	31	72.2	0.05	1.4	3832.9	0.10
Total ASEAN countries	1709	35.5	2.82	57.2	12.6	4.24

Source: Foreign Investment Statistics of the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China.

Table 5. Top 10 Commodities of China’s Imports and Exports to the Seven ASEAN Countries in 2019 (Unit: USD million)

	Export			Import
Rank	product name	amount	product name	amount
1	Category 16 electromechanical, audio and video equipment and its parts and accessories	134,071	Category 16 electromechanical, audio and video equipment and its parts and accessories	129,828
2	Category 15 base metals and their products	41,076	Category 5 mineral products	39,504
3	Category 11 textile raw materials and textile products	35,564	Category 7 plastics and their products; rubber and its products	19,529
4	Category 6 products of the chemical industry and related industries	19,760	Category 6 products of the chemical industry and related industries	12,948
5	Category 5 mineral products	18,822	Category 15 base metals and their products	9792
6	Category 20 miscellaneous products	17,574	Category 18 Optical and medical instruments; clocks and watches; musical instruments	9601
7	Category 7 plastics and their products; rubber and its products	16,231	Category 2 plant products	8515
8	Category 17 vehicles, aircraft, ships and transport equipment	14,503	Category 22 special trading products and unclassified commodities	8299
9	Category 13 products of mineral materials; ceramics; glass and its products	9995	Category 14 jewelry, precious metals and products; imitation jewelry; coins	5726
10	Category 2 plant products	9809	Category 3 animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; refined edible oils and fats	5578

Note: The seven ASEAN countries mentioned in the table are Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar.

Source: “December 2019 Stamp Amount table for Export to Some Countries (regions)”, General Administration of Customs People’s Republic of China, January 23,2020,http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/302274/302277/302276/2851466/index.html.

Table 6. Comparison of monthly wages in manufacturing industries between China and ASEAN countries (unit: USD)

City	General Worker	Technician	Middle Management Cadre
Beijing	768	1245	2115
Shanghai	674	1070	1904
Shenzhen	588	1320	1596
Bangkok	413	728	1559
Hanoi	217	436	957
Jakarta	308	457	1031
Kuala Lumpur	413	840	1576
Manila	234	373	971
Phnom Penh	201	648	1117
Singapore	1946	3064	4490
Vientiane	180	383	875
Yangon	162	349	1016

Note: The survey period is from December 2018 to September 2019.

Source: JETRO, Survey of Japanese Companies Investing in Asia and Oceania (2018), 2019.