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Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy
Volume 132, 2023 - Issue 3-4
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Articles

Demonstration of dry magnetic separation to upgrade the Mn:Fe ratio of a ferromanganese ore sample

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Pages 156-171 | Received 02 Apr 2023, Accepted 18 May 2023, Published online: 17 Jun 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Major and trace element chemistry of the ferromanganese ore sample C.

Table 2. Quantitative XRD (normalised to 100 wt%) of the ferromanganese Fine Ore C sample.

Figure 1. Representative photograph (a) and optical photomicrographs (b–g) of Fine Ore C particle textures (reflected plane polarised light). Key to Figure labels for b–g: H – hematite, Mph – microplay hematite, BH – botryoidal hematite, Nh – Sub-micron hematite, G – goethite, B – braunite, C – cryptomelane, P – pyrolusite, Po – porosity, Py – pyrite and Q – quartz.

Figure 1. Representative photograph (a) and optical photomicrographs (b–g) of Fine Ore C particle textures (reflected plane polarised light). Key to Figure labels for b–g: H – hematite, Mph – microplay hematite, BH – botryoidal hematite, Nh – Sub-micron hematite, G – goethite, B – braunite, C – cryptomelane, P – pyrolusite, Po – porosity, Py – pyrite and Q – quartz.

Table 3. Mean contents of selected major elements for EPMA analyses on representative particles from Lump Ore A and Lump Ore B.

Table 4. Listed densities for relevant minerals (g/cm3).

Table 5. Apparent density and envelope density measurements for selected lump ore particles.

Table 6. Major element chemistry data (wt%) for the IRMS test work at a particle top size of 4.7 mm.

Table 7. Major element chemistry data (wt%) for the IRMS test work at a particle top size of 2.3 mm.

Table 8. Major element chemistry data (wt%) for the IRMS test work at a particle top size of 1 mm.

Figure 2. Representative optical photomicrographs of particles from the magnetic and tails fractions from IRMS test #2. Key to Figure labels: H – hematite, HH – hydrohematite, Mph – microplay hematite, Nh – sub-micron hematite, Mn – manganese oxide, G – goethite, B – braunite, C – cryptomelane, P – pyrolusite, Po – porosity and Q – quartz.

Figure 2. Representative optical photomicrographs of particles from the magnetic and tails fractions from IRMS test #2. Key to Figure labels: H – hematite, HH – hydrohematite, Mph – microplay hematite, Nh – sub-micron hematite, Mn – manganese oxide, G – goethite, B – braunite, C – cryptomelane, P – pyrolusite, Po – porosity and Q – quartz.

Table 9. Comparison of calculated QEMSCAN ™ assay data for Mn, Fe and Si for the magnetic fraction and tails fraction from IRMS test #2, with XRF analysis values.

Table 10. Calculated modal mineralogy for the magnetic fraction and the tails fraction for the IRMS test #2 (−2.3 + 0.6 mm).

Table 11. Calculated Mn deportment (% of total Mn in fraction) of each QEMSCAN™ phase in the magnetic fraction and tails fraction from the IRMS test #2.

Figure 3. Mineral association data for the magnetic fraction and for the tails fraction for (a) ‘Mn oxides’ (b) ‘Fe oxides’ and (c) ‘Quartz’ for IRMS test #2.

Figure 3. Mineral association data for the magnetic fraction and for the tails fraction for (a) ‘Mn oxides’ (b) ‘Fe oxides’ and (c) ‘Quartz’ for IRMS test #2.

Table 12. Liberation data for the magnetic fraction and for the tails fraction for ‘Mn oxides’, ‘Fe oxides’ and ‘Quartz’ presented by liberation class for IRMS test #2.

Figure 4. Grain size distribution for broad mineral groupings for the (a) magnetic fraction and (b) tails fraction for IRMS test #2.

Figure 4. Grain size distribution for broad mineral groupings for the (a) magnetic fraction and (b) tails fraction for IRMS test #2.

Figure 5. False colour image of selected larger particles (sorted by area) from the QEMSCAN™ particle map for (a) the magnetic fraction and (b) the tails fraction for IRMS test #2.

Figure 5. False colour image of selected larger particles (sorted by area) from the QEMSCAN™ particle map for (a) the magnetic fraction and (b) the tails fraction for IRMS test #2.