Functionalization of conducting polymers and their applications in optoelectronics

ABSTRACT

In recent years, experimentation on organic conducting polymers has been escalated and many interested researchers are looking forward to exploring more in the area of optoelectronics. Due to advantageous properties including easy tunability, flexibility, processability, thermal stability, and electroluminescence, conducting property seen to have diverse applications, but in here focus is specifically on optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs, solar cells, field-effect transistors, sensors, photo-detectors, supercapacitors, lasers, lithium-ion batteries and various electrochromic devices. The present review focuses on conducting polymers and enhancement of its properties via functionalization, present scenario, and future prospectus of applications of conducting polymers in optoelectronic devices.

Abbreviation: BHPPV: 2-bromo-5-hexyloxy-1,4- phenylenevinylene; CPNs: Conducting polymer nanoparticles; CNIn: Cyanoindole; CSA: Camphor sulfonic acid; DBSA: Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid; DPP: Dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-dialkylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione; DTG: Differential thermogravimetric; DTT: Dithienothiophene; HOMO: Highest occupied molecular orbital; LUMO: Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; NSA: Naphthalene sulfonic acid; oAP: ortho-amino phenol; OCP: Organic conducting polymers; OFET: Organic field-effect transistor; OLED: Organic light-emitting diode; P3HT: Poly(3-hexylthiophene); Pac: Polyacetylene; PAMPS: Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl1-propane sulfonic acid); PANI: Polyaniline; PCE: Power conversion efficiency; PCz: Polycarbazole; PEDOT: Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); PEEIA: Poly((2,2ʹ-ethylenedioxy) bis(ethylamine) isophthalic acid amide); PEG: Poly(ethylene) glycol; PEI: Perfluorinated ionomer; PMS: Polymethylsiloxane; PN: 1-phenyl naphthalene; PNA: Polynaphthylamine; PoPD: Poly(o-phenylenediamine); PpPD: Poly(p-phenylenediamine); PPV: Poly (phenylenevinylene); PPY: Polypyrrole; PSS: Polystyrene sulfonic acid; PSSA: Poly (sodium styrenesulfonate); p-TSA - p-Toluene sulfonic acid; TBATFB: Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; TMB: Trimethyl benzene; XRD: X-Ray Diffraction; PTh: polythiophened

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Conducting polymers
• oleds
• solar cells
• field effect transistors
• doping
• copolymerization

Highlights

• Conducting polymers: Highly useful in optoelectronic devices

• Functionalized conducting polymers: tuned bandgap

• Functionalization such as doping and copolymerization enhances electrical, optical and morphological properties.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the American Chemical Society, Elsevier, John Wiley & Sons and Taylor & Francis for copyright permission.

Disclosure statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Deepali Khokhar

Ms. Deepali Khokhar, currently a research scholar in the Department of Chemistry, Lingaya's Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, Haryana India. She did her master's in organic chemistry from Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana in 2017, and did her bachelor's in B.Sc(Hons) Chemistry in 2015 from the University of Delhi, New Delhi.

Sapana Jadoun

Dr. Sapana Jadoun did her masters in Organic Chemistry from the University of Rajasthan in 2011. She has completed her Ph.D. in amine-based conducting polymer from the Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India under the supervision of Dr. Ufana Riaz in 2019. She has also worked as JRF and SRF in DST-SERB sponsored project. Currently, she is working as Assistant Professor at the School of Basic & Applied Sciences in Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, India. She has a good publication record in scientific journals of the high impact factor. Her area of expertise includes functionalized conducting polymers and their application in organic electronics and bioimaging.

Rizwan Arif

Dr. Rizwan Arif has completed his master's degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia in 2012. In December 2012, He has joined as Junior Research Fellow in UGC sponsored project and worked as SRF in the same project. He was awarded his Ph.D. in March 2019 thesis entitled “Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Derivatives” under the supervision of Dr. Rahisuddin from the Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has published a good number of research articles in peer-reviewed journals. Currently, He is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad.

Shagufta Jabin

Dr. Shagufta Jabin is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad. She obtained her Ph.D. degree from the National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra. She had done M.Sc. and M. Phil from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh with first division. She has teaching and research experience of more than 15 years. She has published more than 35 research papers in national and international journals and conference proceedings. She is guiding four Ph.D. scholars. She has already guided 08 Post Graduate dissertations. Her current research interests include Environmental Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, and Soil Chemistry.