https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8437-3386
Figures & data
Figure 1. The PFM cycle.
Source: Authors’ illustration drawing on Andrews et al. (Citation2014), PEFA Secretariat (Citation2011) and Kristensen et al. (Citation2019).
Figure 2. Challenges to implementing a landscape approach.
Source: Authors’ illustration: challenges identified from the literature and classified using Vermunt, Verweij, and Verburg (Citation2020) framework.
Figure 3. Key actors in a landscape approach to PFM.
Source: Authors’ illustration, modified from Lawson (Citation2015, 1).
Figure 4. Framework for operationalizing a landscape approach—foundational and operational interventions.
Source: Author illustration drawing on literature and professional experience.
Note: Foundational conditions are initial conditions that are needed before a landscape approach can be fully operationalized. Operational processes are the policies/action steps that need to be taken to operationalize a landscape approach linked to the main parts of the PFM cycle.
