Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus BNKC 19 using agricultural waste products as nutrient source

Figures & data

Table 1. Calculated $d$-spacings ($d$) and crystal dimensions ($\mathit{CRD}$) in BC ribbons synthesized in various media compared with HS-Ref (Tokoh et al., 2002).

Sample	$d$-spacing [nm]			$\mathit{CRD}$ [nm]
	$(1\overline{1}0)$	(110)	(200)	$(1\overline{1}0)$	(110)	(200)
HS	0.621	0.520	0.387	6.68	11.39	7.07
BB	0.624	0.519	0.387	6.15	12.40	6.12
PP	0.615	0.519	0.387	5.59	9.10	6.49
BP	0.615	0.519	0.387	6.41	11.88	6.94
+BB	0.598	0.518	0.382	6.05	15.57	5.57
+PP	0.610	0.517	0.383	5.79	12.40	6.37
+BP	0.595	0.502	0.383	6.41	20.63	5.87
HS-Ref.	0.614	0.533	0.393	7.07	10.65	8.05

Figure 1. Effects of various extract culture media on BC production, (a) the production yield and (b) thickness of dried BC sheets.

Figure 2. Images of BCs produced by (a) HS medium, (b) BB medium, (c) PP medium, (d) BP medium, (e) +BB medium, (f) +PP medium, (g) + BP and (h) after treatment in NaOH.

Figure 3. SEM of freeze-dried BC from cultures of (a) HS medium, (b) BB medium, (c) PP medium, (d) BP medium, (e) +BB medium, (f) +PP medium and (g) + BP medium after treatment in NaOH.

Figure 4. X-ray diffraction diagrams of freeze-dried BCs produced on (a) HS medium, (b) BB medium, (c) PP medium, (d) BP medium, (e) +BB medium, (f) +PP medium and (g) + BP medium.

Figure 5. FTIR of freeze-dried BC from cultures of (a) HS medium, (b) BB medium, (c) PP medium, (d) BP medium, (e) +BB medium, (f) +PP medium and (g) + BP medium.

Figure 6. TGA of freeze-dried BC from cultures of (a) HS medium, (b) BB medium, (c) PP medium, (d) BP medium, (e) +BB medium, (f) +PP medium and (g) + BP medium.

Tokoh, C., Takabe, K., Sugiyama, J., & Fujita, M. (2002). CP/MAS 13C NMR and electron diffraction study of bacterial cellulose structure affected by cell wall polysaccharides. Cellulose, 9(3/4), 351–360. doi:10.1023/A:1021150520953

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