Glossary

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Notes

1 Adapted from Kempton L (2018) Solução milagrosa ou o ouro dos tolos? O papel das universidades nos sistemas regionais de inovação. In M Serra, C Rolim and AP Bastos (eds.), Universidades e Desenvolvimento Regional—as bases para a inovação competitiva. Rio de Janeiro: Ideia D, at 60–61.

2 Gunasekara C (2004) The regional role of universities in technology transfer and economic development. British Academy of Management Conference, 30 August - 1 September, St Andrews, Scotland.

3 Kempton (2018), p. 60, see Reference 1.

4 Etzkowitz H (1983) Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science. Minerva, 21(2–3): 198–233.

5 UNESCO (1998); World Conference on Higher Education, Paris, October. Avalaible at: https://www.iau-hesd.net/sites/default/files/documents/1998_-_higher_education_in_the_twenty-first_century_vision_and_action_fr.pdf Accessed in May 2020.

6 Cooke P, Heidenreich M and Braczyk H (2004) Regional Innovation systems: an evolutionary approach. In: P Cooke, M Heidenreich and H-J Braczyk (eds.), Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governance in a Globalized World, pp 1–18. London: Routledge.

7 Kempton (2018), pp 59–60, see Reference 1.

8 Kempton L, Goddard J, Edwards J, Hegyi F B and Elena-Pérez S (2014) Universities and Smart Specialisation. JRC Technical Reports. S3 Policy Brief Series N. 03/2013. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: 10.2791/52851.

9 Uyarra E (2010) Conceptualizing the regional roles of universities, implications and contradictions. European Planning Studies, 18(8): 1227–1246; Trippl M, Sinozic T and Lawton Smith H (2015) The role of universities in regional development: Conceptual models and policy institutions in the UK, Sweden and Austria. European Planning Studies, 23(9): 1722–1740.

10 Etzkowitz H (2008) The Triple Helix: University–Industry–Government Innovation in Action. London: Routledge.

11 Leydesdorff L and Etzkowitz H (1998). The Triple Helix as a model for innovation studies, Science and Public Policy, 25(3): 95–203, https://doi.org/10.1093/spp/25.3.195.