Contribution of integrase inhibitor use, body mass index, physical activity and caloric intake to weight gain in people living with HIV

Figures & data

Table 1. The anthropometric and clinical characteristics of PLWH at baseline who remained INSTI naïve and PLWH who switched to an INSTI-based regimen.

	INSTI-n (N = 163)	INSTI-s (N = 118)	p
Age, years, mean (±SD)	49.9 (8.7)	50.7 (6.5)	0.13
Males (%)	118 (72.4%)	91 (77.1%)	0.45
Moderate physical activity (%)	65 (39.9%)	47 (39.8%)	0.64
Intense physical activity (%)	14 (8.6%)	14 (11.9%)	0.64
BMI, kg/m^2, mean (±SD)	23.7 (3.45)	23.5 (3.3)	0.79
BMI, 18.5–25 kg/m^2, %	111 (68.1%)	79 (67%)	0.85
BMI, 25–30 kg/m^2, %	46 (28.2%)	33 (28%)	0.85
Obesity (%)	12 (7.4%)	6 (5.1%)	0.60
Waist circumference, cm, mean (±SD)	87.6 (9.9)	86.9 (9.6)	0.63
Nadir CD4 cell count, cell/microL, median (IQR)	220 (118–310)	158 (64–269)	0.002
CD4/CD8 ratio, mean (±SD)	0.92 (0.46)	0.79 (0.44)	0.04
Current CD4 cell count, cell/microL, median (IQR)	653 (537-866)	578 (445.5–780)	0.009
Time since HIV diagnosis, months, median (IQR)	189 (121–261.6)	244 (188.5–300)	<0.001
Undetectable HIV viral load (%)	145 (89%)	112 (94.9%)	0.12
Multimorbidity (%)	41 (25.2%)	44 (37.3%)	0.04

Abbreviations: BMI – body mass index; HIV – human immunodeficiency virus; IQR – interquartile range; SD – standard deviation.

Table 2. The anthropometric and clinical characteristics of PLWH who had <5% of weight gain and PLWH who had ≥5% of weight gain at baseline and follow-up.

	<5% weight gain N = 206			≥5% weight gain N = 75			p*
	Baseline	Follow-up*	p	Baseline	Follow-up*	p
Age, years, mean (±SD)	50.9 (7.8)	54.8 (8)	<0.001	48.6 (7.7)	53.3	<0.001	0.09
Males (%)	162 (78.6%)	162 (78.6%)	NA	47 (62.7%)	47 (62.7%)	NA	0.01
INSTI-s (%)	NA	83 (40.3%)	NA	NA	35 (46.7%)	NA	0.42
INSTI-n (%)	NA	123 (59.7%)	NA	NA	40 (53.3%)	NA
Moderate physical activity (%)	84 (40.8%)	84 (40.8%)	0.87	28 (37.3%)	27 (36%)	0.64	0.63
Intense physical activity (%)	20 (9.7%)	17 (8.3%)	0.87	8 (10.7%)	5 (6.7%)	0.64	0.63
IPAQ score, MET, mean (±SD)	NA	964 (944)	NA	NA	656.2 (663.4)	NA	0.005
Daily caloric intake, kcal, mean (±SD)	NA	1962.9 (549.4)	NA	NA	1947.3 (503.3)	NA	0.96
Pack year, years, mean (±SD)	16 (1.9–28.5)	16 (1.9–28.5)	NA	14 (1.2–28.5)	14.5 (1.2–31)	0.57	0.82
Smoking cessation (%)	NA	10 (4.9%)	NA	NA	8 (10.7%)	NA	0.14
Weight, kg, mean (±SD)	69.2 (11.8)	68.4 (11.2)	0.54	67 (13.4)	74.2 (14.7)	0.002	0.002
Delta weight, kg, mean (±SD)	NA	–0.9 (2.9)	NA	NA	10.8 (6.0)	NA	<0.001
BMI, kg/m^2, mean (±SD)	23.7 (3.4)	23.5 (3.2)	0.61	23.3 (3.5)	25.8 (2.9)	<0.001	<0.001
BMI, 18.5–25 kg/m^2, %	135 (65.3%)	136 (66.7%)	0.81	55 (73.3%)	30 (40%)	<0.001	<0.001
BMI, 25–30 kg/m^2, %	63 (30.6%)	58 (28.4%)	0.81	16 (21.3%)	44 (58.7%)	<0.001	<0.001
Obesity (%)	13 (6.3%)	9 (4.4%)	0.53	5 (6.7%)	12 (16%)	0.12	0.003
Nadir CD4 cell count, cell/microL, median (IQR)	200 (100–310)	200 (100–310)	NA	159 (89–264)	159 (89–264)	NA	0.09
CD4/CD8 ratio, mean (±SD)	0.83 (0.47)	0.92 (0.5)	0.07	0.93 (0.37)	1.07 (0.48)	0.15	0.003
Current CD4 cell count, cell/microL, median (IQR)	603 (488–836)	705 (544–844)	0.005	666.5 (474–827)	794 (595–1042)	0.02	0.02
Time since HIV diagnosis, months, median (IQR)	220 (149–280)	268 (199–333)	<0.001	208 (117.5–270)	262 (168.5–334)	<0.001	0.37
Undetectable HIV viral load (%)	188 (91.3%)	204 (99%)	<0.001	69 (92%)	74 (98.7%)	0.12	0.99
Multimorbidity (%)	62 (30.1%)	95 (46.1%)	0.001	23 (30.7%)	33 (44%)	0.13	0.85

* The comparison between PLWH who had <5% of weight gain with PLWH who had ≥5% of weight gain at follow-up.

Abbreviations: BMI – body mass index; HIV – human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI-n – people living with HIV currently exposed to non-integrase inhibitors regimens; INSTI-s – people living with HIV currently exposed to integrase inhibitors regimens; IPAQ - International Physical Activity Questionnaire; IQR – interquartile range; MET - metabolic equivalent of task; SD – standard deviation.

Figure 1. Population attributable fraction for weight gain in PLWH.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author (GG).