Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic variables of HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Variables	Category	Frequency(N)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Female	414	57.9
	Male	301	42.1
Age	18–25	47	6.57
	26–30	92	12.87
	31–40	292	40.84
	41–50	190	26.57
	51–60	75	10.49
	61–76	19	2.66
Marital	Single	112	15.66
	Married	521	72.87
	Divorced	82	11.47
Religion	Orthodox	377	52.72
	Muslim	251	35.1
	Protestant	87	12.17
Education	No education	120	16.78
	Elementary	137	19.16
	Secondary	293	40.98
	Tertiary	165	23.08
Occupation	Student	36	5.03
	Daily labor	84	11.75
	Housewife	93	13.01
	Merchant	270	37.76
	Government	232	32.45
Residence	Urban	712	99.58
	Rural	3	0.42
House hold	1–2	12	1.68
	3–5	417	58.32
	6–8	286	40
Care giver	Yes	710	99.3
	No	5	0.7
Disclosure	Disclosed	709	99.16
	Not disclosed	6	0.84
Spouse HIV status	Positive	542	75.08
	Unknown	173	24.2

Table 2. Clinical variables of HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Variables	Category		Frequency(N)	Percentage (%)
OIs	Yes		545	76.22
	No		170	23.78
Prophylaxis		CPT	272	38.04
		INH	297	41.53
		Fluconazole	146	20.42
CD4 count		≤200 cell/µl	251	35.1
		>200 cell/µl	464	64.89
Hgb		≤12	589	82.38
		13–17.5	126	17.62
BMI		Normal	634	88.67
		Mild	66	9.23
		Moderate	15	2.09
Functional Status		Bed ridden	69	9.65
		Ambulatory	247	34.54
		Working	399	55.80
WHO clinical stage		Stage I	156	21.81
		Stage II	516	72.17
		Stage III	43	6.01
Side effect		Yes	353	49.37
		No	362	50.63
Appointment		Yes	561	78.46
		No	154	21.54
ART Drug		1^st line regimen	501	70.06
		2^nd line regimen	3	0.42
		3^rd line regimen	211	29.51
Drug adherence		Good	27	3.78
		Fair	2	0.28
		Not recorded	686	95.84

Figure 1. Frequency distribution of the type of OIs disease among HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Figure 2. The Kaplan-Meier curve showing the cumulative probability of OIs disease among HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Figure 3. The Kaplan Meier Survival Curves for covariates curve showing CD4 count, ART side effect of HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Figure 4. The Kaplan Meier Survival Curves for covariates curve showing Base line WHO clinical stage, baseline functional status of HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Table 3. The log-rank test results for categorical variables in OIs HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment in University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Variables	Df	Chi- square	P-value
Sex	1	0.01	0.76
Age	5	4.90	0.43
Education	3	26.02	0.00*
Occupation	4	9.66	0.04*
Prophylaxis	2	34.73	0.00*
CD4 count	2	34.73	0.00*
Functional status	2	18.19	0.00*
WHO Clinical Stage	3	108.77	0.00*
ART Side effect	1	5.78	0.02*

(*) The difference is significant at α = 0.05.

Figure 5. Plot of log (−log(survival probability)) vs. log (survival time) by Hgb and baseline CD4 count for type HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Figure 6. Baseline functional status and CD4 count Shenofelide test for type HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Table 4. Summary of model comparison between semi-Cox proportional hazard models and parametric Cox- Regression models using AIC, BIC, and log-likelihood.

Methods	Comparison models type
	Cox PH	Exponential	Gompertz	Loglogistic	Weibull	Lognormal
Log likelihood	−2954.238	−744.16944	−576.8479	−671.793	−598.20	−694.05
AIC	5958	1540.339	1207.696	1391.58	1250.4	1443.87
BIC	607.784	1659.218	133.147	1501.32	1373.8	1567.32

Table 5. Multivariable analysis using the Gompertz cox-regression model for predictor’s HIV/AIDS patients on ART treatment at University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Covariates	OIs		CHR (95% CI)	AHR (95% CI)	P-value
	Yes	No
Education
No education	105	15	1.56(1.19, 2.03)	1.28(0.98, 1.69)	0.073
Elementary	112	25	1.39 (1.06, 1.81)	1.21(0.92, 1.58)	0.167
Secondary	210	83	0.99(0.79, 1.25)	0.89 (0.71,1.13)	0.344
(Tertiary)	118	47	1	1
Spouse HIV
Positive	430	112	1	1
Unknown	115	58	0.76 (0.61, 1.81)	0.96 (0.77,1.20)	0.721
CD4 count
≤200	231	20	1.98 (1.66, 2.36)	1.41 (1.18,1.69)	0.00*
(>200)	314	150	1	1
Base line Hgb
≤12	482	107	2.26 (1.71, 2.97)	1.28(0.97,1. 70)	0.084
(13–17.5)	63	63	1	1
Functions
Bedridden	59	10	1.50 (1.13,2.00)	1.35 (1.01, 1.82)	0.040*
Ambulatory	203	44	1.31 (1.09,1.57)	1.16 (0.96,1.41)	0.120
(Working)	283	116	1	1
WHO Stage
(Stage I)	30	126	1	1
Stage II	473	43	9.13 (6.20,13.44)	5.87 (3.97,8.69)	0.000*
Stage III	42	1	9.82 (6.02,16.01)	5.85 (3.55,9.65)	0.000*

LR test chi²(25) = 286.34 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000.

Figure 7. Cox-Snell residual obtained by fitting Gompertz model for HIV/AIDS patients under ART treatment in University of Gondar compressive specialized Hospital, January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021.

Data and materials accessibility

The corresponding author will have the right access to the data upon request.