The prevalence of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and associated factors among exposed infants in Eastern Lake zone and Southern Highland of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map showing the study location, Mara, Mbeya and songwe regions in Tanzania.

Figure 2. Illustrates the electronic laboratory data flow.

HVL: HIV Viral Load; HEID: HIV Early Infant Diagnosis; OpenLDR: Open Laboratory Data Repository; DHIS2: District Health Information System; LMIS: Laboratory Management Information System; eSRS: Electronic Sample Referral System; CTC: Centre for Treatment and Care.

Table 1. Participants’ characteristics and prevalence of vertical transmission of HIV among infants exposed in Mbeya, songwe, and Mara regions (N = 1411).

Characteristic	Total (%)	HIV DNA-PCR negative infants	HIV DNA-PCR positive n (%)	P-value
Age group at 1^st HIV test
≤6 wks	212 (15.03)	208 (98.11)	4 (1.89)	0.917
7wks − 9 Months	762 (54.00)	742 (97.38)	20 (2.62)
>9Months	437 (30.97)	426 (97.52)	11 (2.52)
Sex
Male	702 (49.75)	685 (97.58)	17 (2.42)	0.888
Female	709 (50.25)	691 (97.46)	18 (2.54)
Residence
Mbeya	851 (60.31)	833 (97.88)	18 (2.12)	0.549
Songwe	304 (21.55)	295 (97.04)	9 (2.96)
Mara	256 (18.14)	248 (96.87)	8 (3.13)
Child Feeding method
Exclusive breast feeding only (Median 1.6 months)	1029 (72.93)	1006 (97.76)	23 (2.24)	0.505
Replacement feeding (Median 2.2 months)	10 (0.71)	10 (100.0)	0 (0.00)
Complementary foods (Median 9.4 months)	372 (26.36)	360 (96.77)	12 (3.23)
Child Prophylaxis up to 6 wks of age
Yes	1359 (96.31)	1338 (98.45)	21(1.55)	<0.001
No	52 (3.69)	38 (73.08)	14 (26.92)
ART in Pregnancy
Yes	1358 (96.24)	1335 (98.31)	23 (1.69)	<0.001
No	53 (3.76)	41 (77.36)	12 (22.64)

ART: Antiretroviral therapy.

Table 2. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for the factors associated with vertical transmission among infants exposed to HIV (N = 1411).

Characteristic	HIV infection n (%)	COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age group at 1^st HIV test
≤6 wks	4 (1.89)	Ref		Ref
7wks − 9 Months	20 (2.62)	1.4 (0.47-4.14)	0.542	1.13 (0.36-3.50)	0.833
>9Months	11 (2.52)	1.3 (0.42-4.27)	0.617	1.22 (0.37-4.06)	0.747
Gender
Male	17 (2.42)	0.95 (0.49-1.86)	0.888	0.89 (0.44-1.83)	0.764
Female	18 (2.54)	Ref		Ref
Residence
Mbeya	18 (2.12)	0.67 (0.29-1.56)	0.353	–	–
Songwe	9 (2.96)	0.95 (0.36-2.49)	0.910	–	–
Mara	8 (3.13)	Ref		–	–
Child Feeding method
Exclusive breast feeding only (Median 1.6 months)	23 (2.24)	Ref		Ref
Complementary foods (Median 9.4 months)	12 (3.23)	1.46 (0.72-2.96)	0.297	1.23 (0.45 − 3.38)	0.686
Child Prophylaxis up to 6 wks of age
Yes	21(1.55)	Ref		Ref
No	14 (26.92)	23.47 (11.10 − 49.65)	<0.001	11.39 (3.61 − 35.97)	<0.001
ART in Pregnancy
Yes	23 (1.69)	Ref		Ref
No	12 (22.64)	16.99 (7.91 − 36.47)	<0.001	3.03 (0.91– 10.15)	0.071

COR; Crude Odds ratio; AOR; Adjusted Odds ratio; CI; Confidence interval.

Data availability statement

The data supporting this study’s findings are available from the National AIDS Control Program under the Ministry of Health.